Mapping: Ithkuil grammar / affixes / other morphemes → Lojban

← Index

Covers non-root Ithkuil morphology: Configuration, Affiliation, Perspective, Extension, Essence, Context, Specification, Function, Version, Valence, Effect, Phase, Aspect, Level, Mood, Illocution, Validation, Cases, Bias, Register, affix domains. §27 maps core Slot VIII/IX categories to §26 VxCs bundles for adjunct encoding.

Status: ✅ HAVE · 💡 PROPOSE (†) · ✅💡 HAVE / PROPOSE · 🔧 EXTEND (add to existing selma'o)

Related: roots index · quotes in category-quotations.md · dictionaries.

Tables are grouped by Ithkuil doc section. Each row: Ithkuil category → Lojban with examples.

Paradigm index (Lojban mini-paradigms)

Topic	§	What it demonstrates
Configuration axes	§0	three spheres → UPX/MSS/MDC/MSF compose
Configuration lookup	§2	20-cell Plex×Sim×Sep grid + legacy aliases
Affiliation / Context / Essence	§3–§5	grove vs orchard; cat doorway; NRM vs RPV
Specification / Function / Version	§6–§8	river BSC–OBJ; STA/DYN; PRC/CPT
Extension / Perspective / Stem	§10–§11, §9	tunnel DEL–DPL; M/G/N/A; Slot II Vv
Valence / Effect / Phase	§12–§14	clown/grocer co-activity; benefit/harm; honking
Aspect / Level / Mood	§15–§17	running aspects; AP1–AP5; comparison; presupposition matrix
Illocution / Validation	§18–§19	ASR–CNJ; UI2 map; all 9 validations
Expectation / Sanction	§19.1–§19.2	COG/RSP/EXE; SNC PPS–AXM overlay
Cases (8 PDF groups)	§20	transrelative → spatio-temporal; BAI quick-map
Case-scope / Bias / Register	§21–§23	CCP/CCV pairs; bias samples; lu/to carriers
Referentials / Adjuncts	§24–§25	1m/ben-erg; VS/CZ/O scope
Modality / emotion	§26.7	EFE/MCS/EMO; mood+CC adjunct
Participant / social	§26.9	GID/KIN/HRC; gender vs kinship
Bodily pose / instrument	§26.10–§26.11	BOD/HND/LEG; BY*/TDM/pi'o
Transrelative expansion	§26.8	consent, deliberateness, enablement on ERG/AFF
Sensory / Connective VxCs	§26.14, §26.16	channel associations; COO/IOR/XOR coordination
Deictic / demonstrative	§26.1	DCD ti/ta/tu; FAM/SIM/IDF stacks
Adverbial / manner	§26.6	CAP/EFT/ITY/DIF/SCS scalars on bridi
Spatial / motion	§26.3	P/M codes + P01–P28 + S01–S19 quick-maps; ALL/ABL FAhA
Quantifying / number	§26.4	XX3/X10/POR/PTW; number-root degree pattern
Configurative sets	§26.12	DCF/MCF/SEP/DPR; Ca adjunct vs §0–§2
Temporal / aspect	§26.2	AP1/RTR/PRS; SQT/TME/ASQ adjuncts
Comparison VxCs	§26.5	LVL/COS/SCL/XCL stacked on §16
Math / mekso	§26.15	BAO/MTR/TGO; GPA–GPH organic fu'ivla
Case-accessor	§26.17	VX series map; ERG/INS Types 1–3; inverse
Discourse bundles	§26.13	VAL/IVL/PHS/NEG/TPF; DPC/VWP; Slot VIII/IX overflow
Bio / cultural taxa	§26.18	TXN/GEO/AAA–AAW map; Type-3 stacking
VxCs bundles	§26.1–§26.18	full affix inventory; §27 cross-ref to Slot VIII/IX

0. Configuration axes

Status	Ithkuil	Ithkuil examples	Lojban
✅	Plexity (U/D/M) Whether entity is uniplex, duplex, or multiplex	a cat / a pair / a group	mei (MOI): convert number to cardinality selbri; x1 is a mass formed from a set x2 of n members, one or more of which is/are x3, measured relative to the set x4. Use pamei/remei/so'imei; also gunma.
✅	Similarity S Members physically similar	grove of same species	manfo: x1 (object/event) is uniform/homogeneous in property x2 (ka). Uniform members; compose with plexity/separability for full Configuration cell (§2).
✅	Similarity D Members physically dissimilar	forest of mixed trees	frica: x1 differs/is distinct from/contrasts with/is unlike x2 in property/dimension/quantity x3. · vrici: x1 (set/mass/ind.) is miscellaneous/various/assorted in property x2 (ka). Mixed members; pairs with vrici/frica in multiplex configs.
✅💡	Similarity F Fuzzy similarity among members	group of what appear to be cats	manfo approximate · †fuzmei: fuzzy-bordered aggregate of kind x2 Fuzzy membership; compose so'imei + si'o approximate kind.
✅	Separability S Members physically separate	separate spheres	sepli: x1 is apart/separate from x2, separated by partition/wall/gap/interval/separating medium x3. Physically separate members; sepli between parts.
✅	Separability C Members connected	spheres touching/connected	jorne: x1 is joined to/connects to/is united with x2 at common locus x3; x1 and x2 are a union. · lamji: x1 is adjacent/beside/next to/in contact with x2 in property/sequence x3 in direction x4. · ciste: x1 (mass) is a system interrelated by structure x2 among components x3 (set) displaying x4 (ka). Connected/adjacent members; jorne/lamji/ciste.
✅	Separability F Members fused into new entity	spheres fused together	mixre: x1 (mass) is a mixture/blend/colloid/commingling with ingredients including x2. · gunma: x1 is a mass/team/aggregate/whole, together composed of components x2, considered jointly. · stura: x1 is a structure/arrangement/organization of x2 [set/system/complexity]. Fused aggregate; mixre/gunma/stura.

Configuration axis mini-paradigm (three spheres → full Ca cell):

Plexity	Similarity	Separability	Config	Lojban gloss
U	—	—	UPX	pa bolci — one sphere
M	S	S	MSS	so'imei lo bolci co manfo .i sepli — similar separate group
M	D	C	MDC	lo bolci co ciste .i frica — dissimilar touching spheres
M	S	F	MSF	lo bolci co mixre co manfo — similar fused mass

Compose any §2 cell from these three axes; second-level set-of-sets via DCF/MCF §26.12.

1. Formative architecture (Slots I–X, Relation)

Lojban slot mapping (stress → Relation → bridi type):

Stress	Relation	Slot IX	Lojban sketch
Ultimate	UNFRAMED verb	Vk illocution + validation	Main bridi cu + UI2 (ju'a/ca'e/…) · ZAhO on predicate
Penultimate	UNFRAMED noun	Vc case	Sumti with FA tag or fi'o+case BAI · default lo/le
Antepenultimate	FRAMED (case-frame)	Vc subordinate case	nu/poi/ke nested bridi head · RLT relative (§20)

Slot VIII shares one affix: Cn = mood on verbs (§17) / case-scope on nominals (§21). External duplicate via MCS §26.7 or modular adjunct §25. Slot V/VII VxCs → prefix/suffix fi'o chains or tagged sumti (§26). Root Cr → gismu/lujvo/fu'ivla (root maps in README.md). Per-category Lojban mini-paradigms → Paradigm index (intro); Slot VIII/IX adjunct bundles → §27.

Status	Ithkuil	Ithkuil examples	Lojban
✅	Slot I Cc Concatenation status indicator	initial ' or -h- prefix on concatenated stem	— Concatenation marker; Lojban analogue = lujvo rafsi - glue or {zoi} compound; no stress change.
✅	Slot II Vv Version + Stem	stem2/prc on formative	— Version/stem vowel; maps to inner rafsi variant. Event-phase nuance via ZAhO on predicate (pu'o/ca'o/ba'o), not Vv itself.
✅	Slot III Cr Main Root	-kš- root consonants	— Primary lexical root → gismu/lujvo/fu'ivla core; see root-category maps.
✅	Slot IV Vr Function + Specification + Context	dyn/obj/exs on formative	— Function+Spec+Context on selbri: STA/DYN → za'i/zu'o; EXS/FNC/RPS/AMG → plain/kosmu/sinxa/si'o (§4).
✅	Slot V CsVx VxCs affixes (stem only)	-epd- before Ca	— Pre-Ca VxCs; scopes stem only. Prefix fi'o affix chain before selbri or pre-modifying sumti tag.
✅	Slot VI Ca Configuration + Extension + Affiliation + Perspective + Essence	mss/csl/m/nrm	— Ca bundle → lo/le + MOI + affiliation (§3) + perspective (§9) + essence (§5).
✅	Slot VII VxCs VxCs affixes (stem + Ca)	-lim- after Ca	— Post-Ca VxCs on stem+Ca; trailing fi'o/BAI tags or §26 bundles (PHS,VAL,AP*,…).
✅	Slot VIII VnCn Valence OR Aspect OR Phase OR Level OR Effect + Mood/Case-Scope	prl/fac/ccn modular	— One of valence/aspect/phase/level/effect + mood (§17) or case-scope Cn (§21); adjunct via MCS.
✅	Slot IX Vc/Vf/Vk Case OR Format OR Illocution+Validation	-dat- case marker	— Vc case → FA/fi'o sumti; Vk on main verb → illocution UI (§18) + validation UI2 (§19).
✅	Slot X [STRESS] Relation + Slot IX selector	penultimate vs ultimate vs antepenultimate stress	— Stress picks noun/main-verb/framed-subordinate; Lojban uses nu/poi/ke + UI instead of stress.
✅	UNFRAMED Unframed Relation	verb governs case-frame as main predicate	— Main predication {sumti} cu {selbri}; ultimate stress = verb with Vk illocution.
✅💡	FRAMED Framed Relation (Case-Frame)	noun-like case-frame head	nu/poi case-frame · ke/ke'e nested bridi Antepenultimate stress forces Vc not Vk; subordinate nu/poi/ke head in case-frame.
✅💡	Concatenation Stem concatenation	parent+concatenated stems	— Parent+child stems; Lojban lujvo or {zoi} compound; Slot I '/h- marks boundary.

2. Configuration (27 cells + legacy aliases)

Second-level multiplex/duplex-of-sets: external bundles DCF / MCF (§26.12); see §27.

27-cell lookup (Plexity × Similarity × Separability → code + Lojban compose). U = uniplex; D = duplex; M = multiplex (≥3). Similarity S/ D/ F = similar / dissimilar / fuzzy. Separability S/ C/ F = separate / connected / fused. Compose = MOI + axis gismu from §0; optional †lujvo in detail rows below.

Plex	Sim	Sep	Code	Lojban compose (recipe)
U	—	—	UPX	pamei · default pa/lo individual
D	—	—	DPX	remei · pair (sim/separability unspecified)
D	S	S	DSS	remei · manfo · sepli
D	S	C	DSC	remei · manfo · jorne/lamji
D	S	F	DSF	remei · manfo · mixre/gunma
D	D	S	DDS	remei · frica/vrici · sepli
D	D	C	DDC	remei · frica · jorne/ciste
D	D	F	DDF	remei · vrici · mixre
D	F	S	DFS	remei · †fuzmei · sepli
D	F	C	DFC	remei · †fuzmei · jorne
D	F	F	DFF	remei · †fuzmei · mixre
M	S	S	MSS	so'imei/girzu · manfo · sepli
M	S	C	MSC	ciste/girzu · manfo · jorne
M	S	F	MSF	mixre/gunma · manfo · stura
M	D	S	MDS	girzu · vrici/frica · sepli
M	D	C	MDC	ciste · vrici · lamji
M	D	F	MDF	mixre · vrici · stura
M	F	S	MFS	girzu · †fuzgunma · sepli
M	F	C	MFC	ciste · †fuzgunma · joi connected
M	F	F	MFF	stura · †fuzstura · fused aggregate

Legacy aliases (pre-axis system): UNI→UPX, DCT→MSS, AGG→MDS, SEG→MSC, CPN→MDC, COH→MSF, CST→MDF, MLT→MFS — see EXTEND rows below.

Status	Ithkuil	Ithkuil examples	Lojban
✅	UPX Uniplex — single/internally unified entity; similarity and separability N/A	a cat; a sphere	pamei (lujvo from mei): x1 is a single-membered mass/set formed from set x2… Default individual sumti.
✅	DPX Duplex — A formative in DPX alone indicates a pair without specifying similarity or separability. Example: 'a pair of cats'.	a pair of cats	remei (lujvo from mei): x1 is a 2-membered mass/set formed from set x2… Compose plexity + similarity + separability markers from §0 axes.
✅	DSS Duplex-Similar-Separate — Duplex-Similar-Separate = duplex (binary/two-halved); similar members; separate. Example: 'a pair of similar cats'.	a pair of similar cats	remei (lujvo from mei): x1 is a 2-membered mass/set formed from set x2… · manfo: x1 (object/event) is uniform/homogeneous in property x2 (ka). · sepli: x1 is apart/separate from x2, separated by partition/wall/gap/interval/separating medium x3. Compose; optional short lujvo if frequent.
✅	MSS Multiplex-Similar-Separate — Multiplex-Similar-Separate = multiplex (≥3 members/parts); similar members; separate. Example: 'a group of similar cats' / 'a group of similar spheres'.	a group of similar cats / spheres	girzu: x1 is group/cluster/team showing common property (ka) x2 due to set x3 linked by relations x4. · gunma: x1 is a mass/team/aggregate/whole, together composed of components x2, considered jointly. · manfo: x1 (object/event) is uniform/homogeneous in property x2 (ka). Optional †simgunma.
✅	MDS Multiplex-Dissimilar-Separate — Multiplex-Dissimilar-Separate = multiplex (≥3 members/parts); dissimilar members; separate. Example: 'a group of dissimilar cats'.	a group of dissimilar cats	girzu: x1 is group/cluster/team showing common property (ka) x2 due to set x3 linked by relations x4. · vrici: x1 (set/mass/ind.) is miscellaneous/various/assorted in property x2 (ka). · frica: x1 differs/is distinct from/contrasts with/is unlike x2 in property/dimension/quantity x3. Optional †frigunma.
✅	MSC Multiplex-Similar-Connected — Multiplex-Similar-Connected = multiplex (≥3 members/parts); similar members; connected. Example: 'a group of similar spheres touching each other/connected to one another'.	similar spheres touching/connected	ciste: x1 (mass) is a system interrelated by structure x2 among components x3 (set) displaying x4 (ka). · manfo: x1 (object/event) is uniform/homogeneous in property x2 (ka). Optional †simciste.
✅	MDC Multiplex-Dissimilar-Connected — Multiplex-Dissimilar-Connected = multiplex (≥3 members/parts); dissimilar members; connected. Example: 'a group of dissimilar spheres touching each other/connected to one another'.	dissimilar spheres connected	ciste: x1 (mass) is a system interrelated by structure x2 among components x3 (set) displaying x4 (ka). · frica: x1 differs/is distinct from/contrasts with/is unlike x2 in property/dimension/quantity x3. Optional †friciste.
✅	MSF Multiplex-Similar-Fused — Multiplex-Similar-Fused = multiplex (≥3 members/parts); similar members; fused. Example: 'a group of similar spheres fused together'.	similar spheres fused	mixre: x1 (mass) is a mixture/blend/colloid/commingling with ingredients including x2. · stura: x1 is a structure/arrangement/organization of x2 [set/system/complexity]. · manfo: x1 (object/event) is uniform/homogeneous in property x2 (ka). Optional †simstura.
✅	MDF Multiplex-Dissimilar-Fused — Multiplex-Dissimilar-Fused = multiplex (≥3 members/parts); dissimilar members; fused. Example: 'a group of dissimilar spheres fused together'.	dissimilar spheres fused	mixre: x1 (mass) is a mixture/blend/colloid/commingling with ingredients including x2. · stura: x1 is a structure/arrangement/organization of x2 [set/system/complexity]. · vrici: x1 (set/mass/ind.) is miscellaneous/various/assorted in property x2 (ka). Optional †fristura.
✅💡	MFS Multiplex-Fuzzy-Separate — Multiplex-Fuzzy-Separate = multiplex (≥3 members/parts); fuzzy similarity; separate. Example: 'a group of what appear to be cats, some more than others'.	group of apparent cats, some more than others	†fuzgunma: x1 fuzzy-separate multiplex aggregate of x2 so'imei/girzu + manfo approximate + sepli; or †fuzgunma.
✅	DSC Duplex-Similar-Connected — Duplex-Similar-Connected = duplex (binary/two-halved); similar members; connected. (Defined compositionally from the three Configuration axes in Sec. 3.1.).	a pair of similar connected cats	remei · manfo · jorne Duplex + similar + connected; compose from §0 axes.
✅	DSF Duplex-Similar-Fused — Duplex-Similar-Fused = duplex (binary/two-halved); similar members; fused. (Defined compositionally from the three Configuration axes in Sec. 3.1.).	a pair of similar fused spheres	remei · manfo · mixre Duplex + similar + fused.
✅	DDS Duplex-Dissimilar-Separate — Duplex-Dissimilar-Separate = duplex (binary/two-halved); dissimilar members; separate. Example: 'a pair of dissimilar cats'.	a pair of dissimilar cats	remei · frica · sepli Duplex + dissimilar + separate.
✅	DDC Duplex-Dissimilar-Connected — Duplex-Dissimilar-Connected = duplex (binary/two-halved); dissimilar members; connected. (Defined compositionally from the three Configuration axes in Sec. 3.1.).	dissimilar spheres touching as a pair	remei · frica · jorne Duplex + dissimilar + connected.
✅	DDF Duplex-Dissimilar-Fused — Duplex-Dissimilar-Fused = duplex (binary/two-halved); dissimilar members; fused. (Defined compositionally from the three Configuration axes in Sec. 3.1.).	dissimilar fused pair	remei · frica · mixre Duplex + dissimilar + fused.
✅💡	DFS Duplex-Fuzzy-Separate — Duplex-Fuzzy-Separate = duplex (binary/two-halved); fuzzy similarity; separate. (Defined compositionally from the three Configuration axes in Sec. 3.1.).	a pair of apparent cats, separate	remei · †fuzmei · sepli remei + †fuzmei + sepli; fuzzy duplex separate pair.
✅💡	DFC Duplex-Fuzzy-Connected (Configuration) — Duplex-Fuzzy-Connected = duplex (binary/two-halved); fuzzy similarity; connected. (Defined compositionally from the three Configuration axes in Sec. 3.1.).	fuzzy pair of rounded objects touching	remei · †fuzmei · jorne remei + †fuzmei + jorne; fuzzy connected pair.
💡	DFF Duplex-Fuzzy-Fused — Duplex-Fuzzy-Fused = duplex (binary/two-halved); fuzzy similarity; fused. (Defined compositionally from the three Configuration axes in Sec. 3.1.).	fuzzy fused pair	remei · †fuzmei · mixre remei + †fuzmei + mixre; fuzzy fused pair.
✅💡	MFC Multiplex-Fuzzy-Connected — Multiplex-Fuzzy-Connected = multiplex (≥3 members/parts); fuzzy similarity; connected. Example: 'a group of rounded objects touching… some of which appear to be spheres, others less so'.	group of rounded objects touching, some sphere-like	girzu · †fuzgunma · ciste girzu/ciste + †fuzgunma; fuzzy connected multiplex.
💡	MFF Multiplex-Fuzzy-Fused — Multiplex-Fuzzy-Fused = multiplex (≥3 members/parts); fuzzy similarity; fused. (Defined compositionally from the three Configuration axes in Sec. 3.1.).	fuzzy fused multiplex aggregate	girzu · †fuzstura · stura girzu + †fuzstura/stura; fuzzy fused multiplex.
🔧	UNI Uniplex (old) — THIS is a mass formed from a set of one element only.	one cat (old UNI)	pamei Legacy uniplex; map to pamei singleton mass.
🔧	DCT Discrete (old) — THIS is a mass formed from a set of uniform elements spread in time or space.	uniform spread of elements (old DCT)	so'imei · manfo Legacy discrete uniform spread; so'imei · manfo.
🔧	AGG Aggregative (old) — THIS is a mass formed from a set of non-uniform elements spread in time or space.	non-uniform spread (old AGG)	so'imei · vrici Legacy aggregative non-uniform spread; so'imei · vrici.
🔧	SEG Segmentative (old) — THIS is a mass formed from a set of uniform elements linked to each other via some medium.	uniform linked set (old SEG)	ciste · manfo Legacy segmentative uniform linked set; ciste · manfo.
🔧	CPN Componential (old) — THIS is a mass formed from a set of non-uniform elements linked to each other via some medium.	non-uniform linked set (old CPN)	ciste · vrici Legacy componential non-uniform linked; ciste · vrici.
🔧	COH Coherent (old) — THIS is a mass formed from a set of uniform elements mixed with each other forming a new entity.	uniform fused mass (old COH)	mixre · manfo Legacy coherent uniform fused mass; mixre · manfo.
🔧	CST Composite (old) — THIS is a mass formed from a set of non-uniform elements mixed with each other forming a new entity.	non-uniform fused mass (old CST)	mixre · vrici Legacy composite non-uniform fused; mixre · vrici.
🔧	MLT Multiform (old) — THIS is a fuzzy set of elements.	fuzzy set (old MLT)	†fuzgunma Legacy multiform fuzzy set; †fuzgunma.

3. Affiliation

Affiliation mini-paradigm (same MSS grove of trees):

Affiliation	Ithkuil nuance	Lojban gloss
CSL	natural set, no designed member role	loi tricu co girzu — grove (no human purpose)
ASO	shared subjective purpose	loi tricu co bende fi lo nu citka lo grute — orchard (shared harvest purpose)
COA	complementary member roles	lo tutci co jicmu fi lo nu gasnu lo nu plipe — toolset (each tool different role)
VAR	conflicting member purposes	lo tutci co vrici .i frica le ka ce'u pilno — jumbled tools with unrelated uses

Status	Ithkuil	Ithkuil examples	Lojban
✅	CSL The Consolidative — This affiliation indicates that the individual members of a configurational set are a naturally occurring set where the function, state, purpose or benefit of individual members is inapplicable, irrelevant, or if applicable, is shared. It differs from ASSOCIATIVE in that the role of individual set members is not subjectively defined by human design.	grove; mound of rocks; some people	girzu: x1 is group/cluster/team showing common property (ka) x2 due to set x3 linked by relations x4. · gunma: x1 is a mass/team/aggregate/whole, together composed of components x2, considered jointly. Optional †natyjun to assert design-absence.
✅	ASO The Associative — ASSOCIATIVE affiliation indicates that the individual members of a configurational set share the same subjective function, state, purpose or benefit. E.g. soldiers CONSOLIDATIVE = a group of soldiers vs ASSOCIATIVE = a troop/platoon; grove vs orchard.	orchard vs grove; troop/platoon	bende: x1 is a crew/team/gang/squad/band of persons x2 directed/led by x3 organized for purpose x4. Also experimental kosmu; orchard lujvo rutpurdi.
✅💡	COA The Coalescent — The COALESCENT affiliation indicates that the members of a configurational set share in a complementary relationship with respect to their individual functions, states, purposes, benefits, etc. — each member's function is distinct, yet each serves in furtherance of some greater unified role.	toolset; fingers on a hand; well-balanced meal	†complzu'e: x1 synergistic set of differently-roled x2 jointly serving purpose x3 Complementary roles in unified purpose; jicmu + distinct se jicmu per member; †complzu'e if frequent.
✅💡	VAR The Variative — The VARIATIVE affiliation indicates that the individual members of a configurational set differ as to subjective function, state, purpose or benefit (to varying degrees or at complete odds), but not opposed-yet-complementary differences (use COALESCENT for those).	jumble of tools; rag-tag group; dysfunctional couple	†frizu'e: x1 mixed aggregate of x2 with conflicting/unrelated purposes x3 Conflicting/unrelated member purposes; vrici + frica; †frizu'e for explicit variative affiliation.

4. Context

Context mini-paradigm (same cat + doorway scene):

Context	Reading	Lojban gloss
EXS	objective scene only	.i lo mlatu cu bajra fi lo vorme — neutral fact
FNC	social use/relevance	.i lo vorme cu se pilno fi lo nu cliva — doorway as escape route
RPS	metaphorical stand-in	.i lo mlatu cu sinxa lo ka xamgu — cat as symbol of luck
AMG	full gestalt	.i lo nu lo mlatu cu bajra cu mulno lo ka cinmo — whole emotional scene

Status	Ithkuil	Ithkuil examples	Lojban
✅	EXS The Existential — This EXISTENTIAL is the default Context and focuses on those features of a noun or verb which are ontologically objective, i.e., those that exist irrespective of any observers, opinions, interpretations, beliefs or attitudes. Similarly excluded from consideration in the EXISTENTIAL is any notion of a noun’s use, function, role or benefit.	The cat ran past the doorway (neutral scene)	zasti: x1 exists/is real/actual/reality for x2 under metaphysics x3. · fatci: x1 (du'u) is a fact/reality/truth/actuality, in the absolute. Default objective context; plain bridi without kosmu/sinxa overlay.
✅	FNC The Functional — The FUNCTIONAL context focuses on those features of a formative that are defined socially by ideas, attitudes, beliefs, opinions, convention, cultural status, use, function, benefit, etc. It serves to identify not what a noun existentially is, but to show that the noun has specific (and subjective) contextual meaning, relevance or purpose.	cat/doorway meaningful as threat/entry	kosmu: x1 (abstraction) is a purpose/use of x2 (object or event), attributed by x3 · pilno: x1 uses/employs x2 [tool, apparatus, machine, agent, acting entity, material] for purpose x3. kosmu experimental; optional †pilnykai.
✅	RPS The Representational — It indicates that the formative is serving as a representation or substitute for some other concept or entity which is abstractly associated with it. For example, the metaphorical connotations of the English sentence That pinstripe-suited dog is checking out a kitty, can be equally conveyed in Ithkuil by inflecting the words for ‘dog’ and ‘kitty’ into the REPRESENTATIONAL context.	pinstripe-suited dog / kitty metaphors	sinxa: x1 is a sign/symbol/signal representing/referring/signifying/meaning x2 to observer x3. · metfo: x1 (bridi) is a metaphor/figurative expression having literal meaning x2 to observer x3 metfo experimental; also smuni.
✅💡	AMG The Amalgamative — It focuses on the systemic, holistic, gestalt-like, componential nature of a formative, implying that its objective and subjective totality is derived synergistically from the interrelationships between all of its parts — inviting consideration of the wonder, emotional nuances, psychological ramifications and/or philosophical implications associated with the noun's existence, purpose, or function.	cat/doorway/running as full cultural gestalt	†mulnysmi: x1 is x2 taken with full historical/cultural/emotional gestalt Holistic gestalt reading; si'o + attitudinal cluster; †mulnysmi for full cultural/emotional totality.

5. Essence

Essence mini-paradigm (same boy stem):

Essence	Reading	Lojban gloss
NRM	real-world actuality	.i lo nanmu cu bajra — the boy ran (fact)
RPV	imagined/alternate counterpart	.i lo xanri nanmu cu bajra .i ku'i na fatci — the boy-who-ran didn't (counterfactual)

Status	Ithkuil	Ithkuil examples	Lojban
✅	NRM Normal — NORMAL is the default essence denoting real-world nouns and verbs. Essence distinguishes real-world actualities from alternative, imagined or potential counterparts.	real boy/dog	fatci: x1 (du'u) is a fact/reality/truth/actuality, in the absolute. · zasti: x1 exists/is real/actual/reality for x2 under metaphysics x3. · jetnu: x1 (du'u) is true/truth by standard/epistemology/metaphysics x2. Default real-world essence; no xanri/RPV marking needed.
✅	RPV Representative — REPRESENTATIVE denotes alternative counterparts (imagined/potential manifestations) as opposed to real-world actualities, without requiring inference from explanatory context.	The boy who ran off to sea didn't run off to sea	xanri: x1 [concept] exists in the imagination of/is imagined by/is imaginary to x2. Optional †deskykai if binary reading needed.

6. Specification

Specification mini-paradigm (same river stem):

Spec	Salient facet	Lojban gloss
BSC	holistic X	lo ri'u — the river (plain)
CTE	content/essence	lo ri'u smuni — the water (content of the river)
CSV	constitutive form	lo ri'u stura — the river's course/channel
OBJ	instrument/means/object	lo ri'u tutci — the river as conveyance/tool

Cross-ref OBJ with §20 INS/pilno when stem denotes tool or transferred object.

Status	Ithkuil	Ithkuil examples	Lojban
✅	BSC Basic — A holistic instantiation of a stem, prior to the application of one of the other three Specifications, essentially encompassing the meanings of the CTE and CSV specifications below.	an X / X-ing happens	ckaji: x1 has/is characterized by property/feature/trait/aspect/dimension x2 (ka); x2 is manifest in x1. Usually plain brivla.
✅	CTE Contential — This specification complements the CSV specification below. The physical or non-physical “content” or essence or purposeful function or idealized/abstract/platonic form thereof, as opposed to its mere physical form/shape, e.g., the content of a piece of art [what it represents or is an image/statue of]; the water within a river [regardless of its channel or course]; the communicative content of a message [regardless…	content of art; water of river; message content	smuni: x1 is a meaning/interpretation of x2 recognized/seen/accepted by x3. · jinzi: x1 (property - ka) is an innate/inherent/intrinsic/natural property/quality/aspect of x2. · sucta: x1 (si'o) is abstracted/generalized/idealized from x2 [something concrete] by rules x3. Optional †smukai.
✅	CSV Constitutive — This Specification indicates the form (physical or non-physical) in which an entity/state/act actually expresses itself, is shaped, or is realized, as opposed to its functional/purposeful content, i.e., 'what constitutes X', e.g., a work of art [as constituted by it being a painted canvas, sculpted marble, etc., irrespective of what the image is or what/who the statue is of]; the course of a river; the form/medium…	painted canvas; river course; written medium	tarmi: x1 [ideal] is the conceptual shape/form of object/abstraction/manifestation x2 (object/abstract). · stura: x1 is a structure/arrangement/organization of x2 [set/system/complexity]. Optional †stukai.
✅	OBJ Objective — This Specification indicates whichever of the following is most salient to the semantics of the particular stem: (1) the tangible tool/instrument/means by which a state act/state/event occurs, or if inapplicable, then (2) the third-party object/entity associated with the interaction between two parties (e.g., the object being given in a dative interaction), or if inapplicable then (3) the resulting tangible…	musical instrument; object given; work created	tutci: x1 is a tool/utensil/resource/instrument/implement used for doing x2; [form determines function]. · pilno: x1 uses/employs x2 [tool, apparatus, machine, agent, acting entity, material] for purpose x3. Often a place of the stem; optional †selste.

7. Function

Function mini-paradigm (same stem, clown scene):

Function	Reading	Lojban gloss
STA	static entity/state	lo pa'u datka cu xamgu — the clown is good (state)
DYN	action/change salient	lo pa'u datka cu gasnu lo nu sanga — the clown sings (activity)

Slot IV Vr function: STA → za'i/lexical stative; DYN → zu'o/gasnu/pu'u on event bridi.

Status	Ithkuil	Ithkuil examples	Lojban
✅	STA Stative — It indicates that the formative refers to a static unchanging entity (at least within the duration of the contextual situation being referred to).	She is a dancer; The sky is orange	za'i (NU1): abstractor: state (event) abstractor; x1 is continuous state of [bridi] being true. Prefer NU za'i; lexical statives.
✅	DYN Dynamic — It indicates that the formative refers to an action/movement/motion/change or a state involving change/motion/movement/action in which the change/motion/movement/action is relevant to the speaker’s intended meaning.	They are eating a meal; cheetah running to chase	zu'o (NU1): abstractor: activity (event) abstractor; x1 is abstract activity of [bridi] composed of x2. · gasnu: x1 [person/agent] is an agentive cause of event x2; x1 does/brings about x2. Also pu'u/mu'e.

8. Version

Version mini-paradigm (process vs outcome):

Version	Reading	Lojban gloss
PRC	process/end-in-itself	mi tadni — I study (ongoing, no completion focus)
CPT	completive/goal-oriented	mi cilre le bangu — I learn the language (outcome-oriented)

Often lexical pairs (tadni/cilre, jgera/facki); Slot II Vv shifts under CPT.

Status	Ithkuil	Ithkuil examples	Lojban
✅	PRC The Processual — It describes all objects, entities, acts, conditions, or events which are ends in themselves and not goal-oriented, i.e., are not focused on an anticipated outcome or final purpose toward which a progressive effort is being made.	study (vs learn); hunt (vs hunt down)	ranji: x1 (event/state) continues/persists over interval x2; x1 (property - ka) is continuous over x2. Often distinct roots (tadni vs cilre).
✅	CPT The Completive — It describes acts, conditions, or events which achieve, or are intended to achieve, an anticipated outcome, i.e., which are oriented toward the achievement of some purpose, outcome, or final state. Such a distinction is usually handled by word choice in Western languages.	learn; hunt down; find	mulno: x1 (event) is complete/done/finished; x1 (object) has become whole in property x2 by standard x3. Goal-oriented version; distinct roots (cilre vs tadni) or mulno outcome.

9. Stem & designation (legacy)

Stem quick-map (Slot II Vv on same root Cr):

Stem	Vv	Typical role	Lojban note
STEM0	-o-	stemless overall root sense	Plain gismu/lujvo without stem specialization
STEM1	-a-	functional stem 1	Primary stem sense; shifts under CPT
STEM2	-e-	functional stem 2	Secondary stem sense
STEM3	-u-	functional stem 3	Tertiary stem sense

Root maps in README.md list one row per Stem×Specification; CPT version may reorder which vowel marks which stem.

Status	Ithkuil	Ithkuil examples	Lojban
✅	STEM1 Stem 1 — Functional stems are generated from the root via Slot II Vv; Stem 1 uses -a- (and shifts under COMPLETIVE Version).	stem1 of root (Slot II -a-)	— Slot II Vv -a- (COMPLETIVE shifts); functional stem 1.
✅	STEM2 Stem 2 — Stem 2 of a root is shown by Slot II vowel -e- (shifted under COMPLETIVE Version).	stem2 of root (Slot II -e-)	— Slot II Vv -e-; functional stem 2.
✅	STEM3 Stem 3 — Stem 3 of a root is shown by Slot II vowel -u- (shifted under COMPLETIVE Version).	stem3 of root (Slot II -u-)	— Slot II Vv -u-; functional stem 3.
✅	STEM0 Stem Zero — Stem Zero (-o-) refers to the 'stemless' overall conceptual meaning of the raw root, irrespective of a particular stem, pragmatically determined by the root.	stemless overall root meaning (Slot II -o-)	— Slot II Vv -o-; stemless overall root meaning.
✅	PUN Punctual (alias of PCT) — Alias of PCT The Punctual (see PCT).	alias of PCT: handclap; click	suksa · co'i Alias of PCT; same Lojban mapping.

10. Extension

Extension mini-paradigm (same tunnel / diet / darkness):

Extension	Focus	Lojban gloss
DEL	whole entity, neutral bounds	lo tunba — the tunnel (entirety)
PRX	context-relevant portion	mi pu cpacu lo pagbu be lo grambu — I climbed on the ladder (relevant span)
ICP	onset / accessible edge	lo cfari be lo tunba — mouth of the tunnel
ATV	sharp terminal edge	mi prami lo fanmo be le se skicu — I like the end of the story
GRA	gradual fade-in	lo munra cu zenba — darkness came upon us (growing)
DPL	gradual fade-out	lo ka citka cu jdika — eating less and less (depleting)

Extension pairs with §15 aspect (RTR/PRS + DEL) for tense-like readings; proximal PRX ↔ pagbu/spisa.

Status	Ithkuil	Ithkuil examples	Lojban
✅	DEL The Delimitive — It indicates that a noun is being spoken of in its contextual entirety as a discrete entity with clear spatio-temporal boundaries, with no emphasis on any particular portion, edge, boundary, limit, or manifestation beyond the context at hand. It can be considered the neutral or default view, e.g., a tree, a grove, a set of books, an army.	a tree; she diets every winter (whole diet)	mulno: x1 (event) is complete/done/finished; x1 (object) has become whole in property x2 by standard x3. Default reading.
💡	PRX The Proximal — It indicates that a noun is being spoken of not in its entirety, but rather only in terms of the portion, duration, subset, or aspect which is relevant to the context at hand.	climbed on the ladder; tree is hard there	†prxypag: x1 is the context-relevant span of whole x2 pagbu/spisa are near but imply discrete pieces.
✅💡	ICP The Inceptive — The INCEPTIVE extension focuses on the closest boundary, the beginning, initiation, or the immediately accessible portion of a noun or verb, without focusing on the boundaries of the remainder.	mouth of tunnel; start of explanation	cfari: x1 [state/event/process] commences/initiates/starts/begins to occur; (intransitive verb). · †cfarai: x1 is onset/accessible edge of x2 cfari for events; †cfarai for entity edges.
✅💡	ATV The Attenuative — The ATTENUATIVE extension focuses on the end, termination, last portion, or trailing boundary of a noun, without focusing on the preceding or previously existing state of the noun. It would be used in translating the words water, story, and arrival in the sentences There’s no water (i.e., we ran out), I like the end of that story, and We await your arrival.	end of story; no water left	fanmo: x1 is an end/finish/termination of thing/process x2; [not necessarily implying completeness]. · †fanmykai: x1 is terminal/trailing edge of x2 Trailing edge/termination; fanmo/fanmykai; pairs with DEL extension.
✅💡	GRA The Graduative — The GRADUATIVE extension focuses on a diffuse, extended “fade-in” or gradual onset of a noun. It would be used in translating the words darkness, wonder, and music in the following sentences: Darkness came upon us, I felt a growing sense of wonder, The music was very soft at first.	darkness came upon us; eating more and more	preja: x1 spreads/expands over/into x2 from initial state x3. · zenba: x1 (experiencer) increases/is incremented/augmented in property/quantity x2 by amount x3. · †zenypag: x1 is gradual-onset region of x2 Also experimental TAhE zei'a.
✅💡	DPL The Depletive — The DEPLETIVE extension is the inverse of the GRADUATIVE above, focusing on the terminal boundary or “trailing” edge of a noun, where this terminus is ill-defined, “diffuse” or extended to some degree, (i.e. the at-hand context of the noun “peters out” or terminates gradually). Essentially, it applies to any context involving actual or figurative fading.	peter out; twilight; eating less and less	jdika: x1 (experiencer) decreases/contracts/is reduced/diminished in property/quantity x2 by amount x3. · †jdikpag: x1 is depleting/fade region of x2 Also experimental dei'a.

11. Perspective

Perspective mini-paradigm (same MSS forest):

Perspective	Number/view	Lojban gloss
M	monadic unified whole	loi tricu — the forest (one gestalt)
G	agglomerative (≥1)	su'o loi tricu — some forest(s) / one-or-more
N	nomic archetype	lo'e mlatu cu nobli — the dog is a noble beast (typical)
A	abstract concept	le ka tricu — grovehood / forest-as-concept

Ca Slot VI -w-/-v- = NOMIC; -y-/-j- = ABSTRACT; default M → lo/le.

Status	Ithkuil	Ithkuil examples	Lojban
✅	M The Monadic — It signifies a single embodiment of a particular configuration, meaning a contextual entity which, though possibly numerous in membership or multifaceted in structure, or spread out through a duration of time, is nevertheless being contextually viewed and considered as a “monad,” a single, unified whole.	one forest (one MDC set)	pamei (lujvo from mei): x1 is a single-membered mass/set formed from set x2… Default lo/le.
✅	G The Agglomerative — It indicates a neutral or fuzzy meaning in terms of number: ‘at least one X / one or more X / any number of X’.	some water; one or more seasons	loi (LE): veridical descriptor: the mass of individual(s) that is(are) ... · su'o (PA4): digit/number: at least (some); no less than. Optional †gugmei.
✅	N The Nomic — The NOMIC is marked by the affix -w- in final position of Slot VI, unless it is the only affix in Slot VI, in which case the affix is -v-. The NOMIC refers to a generic collective entity or archetype, containing all members or instantiations of a configurative set throughout space and time (or within a specified spatio-temporal context).	The dog is a noble beast	lo'e (LE): veridical descriptor: the typical one(s) who really is(are) ... · sucta: x1 (si'o) is abstracted/generalized/idealized from x2 [something concrete] by rules x3. Also experimental nau'e; optional †nomcri.
✅	A The Abstract — The ABSTRACT is marked by the affix -y- in final position of Slot VI, unless it is the only affix in Slot VI, in which case the affix is -j-. Similar to the formation of English abstract nouns using suffixes such as -hood or -ness, the ABSTRACT transforms a configurative category into an abstract concept considered in a non-spatial, timeless, numberless context.	grovehood; everything about books	si'o (NU): abstractor: idea/concept abstractor; x1 is x2's concept of [bridi]. · ka (NU): abstractor: property/quality abstractor (-ness); x1 is quality/property exhibited by [bridi]. · sucta: x1 (si'o) is abstracted/generalized/idealized from x2 [something concrete] by rules x3. Abstract perspective; si'o/ka/sucta on configuration concept.

12. Valence

Nine valence patterns in Slot VIII Vn. External bundle VAL (§26.13) encodes place-count when valence is adjunct-only.

Lojban valence mini-paradigm (clown/grocer/children; second party in x₂ or tagged sumti):

Valence	Ithkuil gist	Lojban gloss
MNO	solo activity	lo pa'u datka cu sanga — no co-party
RCP	each other	lo pa'u datka joi lo bajydja cu simxu le ka ce'u fengu
PRL	same activity together	lo pa'u datka joi lo bajydja cu sanga (same selbri, same time)
CRO	related co-activities	lo pa'u datka cu tcidu .i lo ninmu cu ciska (ca'o simultaneous)
CPL	complementary halves	lo pa'u datka cu katna lo nanba .i lo bajydja cu fanva lo mlatu
DUP	copy/repeat activity	mi pa ciska le cukta .i ba'o bo do ciska le cukta
DEM	demonstrate how-to	mi jarco lo ka ce'u cuxna lo caxmati fi lo do
CNG	next dependent phase	mi cfagau lo fagri .i lo do bajydja cu jukpa lo cidja
PTI	take part in whole	lo pa'u datka joi lo bajydja cu kansa le nu jivna

Status	Ithkuil	Ithkuil examples	Lojban
✅	MNO The Monoactive — It indicates a lack of co-activity, i.e., no participation by a second party is implied.	She sang alone (no second party)	— Default; no marker.
✅	RCP The Reciprocal — It indicates identical activity by one party directed at another party and vice-versa, thus translating the English adverbial phrases ‘each other’ and ‘one another,’ as in The clown and the grocer despise one another.	despise one another	simxu: x1 (set) has members who mutually/reciprocally x2 (event [x1 should be reflexive in 1+ sumti]). Also soi.
✅💡	PRL The Parallel — It indicates that a second party is engaging in the same activity as the first party at same time. It would be used in translating sentences such as The children all sang together, We both went jogging on the parkway.	children all sang together	†parbi'o: x1 does same activity as x2 simultaneously kansa + same selbri on both parties; or †parbi'o for explicit parallel co-activity.
✅💡	CRO The Corollary — The COROLLARY valence is similar to the PARALLEL, except that the second party engages in related activity at the same time as the first party, rather than the same activity.	he read while she wrote notes	†korbi'o: x1 does related co-activity with x2 Simultaneous related but distinct activities; tag second party with ce'u/ca'o while-different-bridi.
✅💡	CPL The Complementary — It indicates that the second party performs a complementary activity to that of the first party. By “complementary” is meant an activity different from that of the first party, but necessary to complete the whole of the joint activity, i.e., the “other half” of the joint activity.	she sliced bread while he spread butter	†polje'i: x1 and x2 are complementary halves of activity x3 Complementary halves of one joint event; jicmu + distinct x2 roles; †polje'i if frequent.
✅💡	DUP The Duplicative — It indicates that the second party copies or repeats the activity of the first party, as in the sentences Let’s draw a picture (i.e., I’ll draw it first, then you draw the same picture), They both read that book (i.e., first one, then the other), I bought a new car (i.e., and now someone else is buying a new car, too).	I draw then you draw the same	†fukpi'o: x1 copies the activity of model x2 Sequential copy of prior activity; fukpi-like event copy or repeated bridi with ba'o.
✅	DEM The Demonstrative — It indicates that the first party demonstrates for the second party how to do something or what to do. Thus, an Ithkuil sentence constructed as We played chess with the verb in the DEMONSTRATIVE valence would mean ‘I showed her how to play chess,’ while the sentence constructed as They fought us in this valence would mean ‘They taught us how to fight.’.	I showed her how to play chess	jarco: x1 (agent) shows/exhibits/displays/[reveals]/demonstrates x2 (property) to audience x3. Optional †jarco'i for how-to teaching.
💡	CNG The Contingent — It indicates that the second party engages in the next or dependent phase of a multi-part activity, the specific activity being dependent on context. Thus, the Ithkuil sentence I started the campfire for my friend in the CONTINGENT implies that the friend then performed the next logical step, i.e., he cooked the food.	I started campfire → friend cooked	†fargu'i: x1 does next phase after x2 in multi-part x3 Next dependent phase; balvi/bafli phase chain; second party in next sumti place.
✅💡	PTI The Participative — It indicates that the parties take part in an activity involving a greater whole, translatable by the English phrase ‘take part in.…’ Thus, the Ithkuil sentence They raced in the PARTICIPATIVE means ‘They each took part in the race.’.	They each took part in the race	†pizycai: x1 participates with x2 in encompassing x3 Participant in larger whole; cmima/kansa/joi with encompassing event sumti.

13. Effect (benefit/detriments by party)

Eight party-specific effect values in Slot VIII (plus BEN/DET/UNK). External bundle EFE (§26.7) encodes effect when Slot VIII is saturated; degrees 1–9 = benefit/harm gradient by party. Cross-ref §24 referentials (/ben, /det, /neu).

Effect party grid:

Code	Party	Lojban party	Typical marking
1:BEN	speaker	mi	seva'u · xamgu fi mi
2:BEN	addressee	do	seva'u fi do
3:BEN	third party	da/ko'a	seva'u fi da
SLF:BEN	formative self	vo'a/ke'a	reflexive benefit on tagged sumti
1:DET	speaker	mi	xlali fi mi
2:DET	addressee	do	xlali fi do
3:DET	third party	da/ko'a	xlali fi da
SLF:DET	formative self	vo'a/ke'a	self-harm on referent

Lojban effect mini-paradigm (clown act on child):

Effect	Ithkuil bundle	Lojban gloss
1:BEN	beneficial to speaker	.i mi seva'u gasnu lo nu lo pa'u datka cu darxi lo cinfu
2:DET	detrimental to addressee	.i do xlali gasnu lo nu lo pa'u datka cu badri
3:BEN	beneficial to third party	.i ko'a seva'u xlali lo nu lo cinfu cu cliva
SLF:DET	clown harms self	.i lo pa'u datka cu xlali se gasnu
/neu	neutral (referential)	default bridi, no seva'u/xlali

Status	Ithkuil	Ithkuil examples	Lojban
✅	BEN Beneficial effect to a party	good for speaker/addressee/3rd/self	xamgu: x1 (object/event) is good/beneficial/nice/[acceptable] for x2 by standard x3. Party in x2: mi/do/ko'a/vo'a; EFE §26.7 when adjunct-only.
✅	DET Detrimental effect to a party	bad for a party	xlali: x1 is bad for x2 by standard x3; x1 is poor/unacceptable to x2. Party in x2; pairs /det referential §24; EFE bundle.
💡	UNK Unknown Benefit — It indicates that the formative is either of unknown benefit or detriment to any party or that any benefit or detriment to a party is irrelevant or inapplicable.	whether it helps anyone is moot	†nalxamxli: x1 of unknown/irrelevant benefit-harm to x2 Optional.
✅	1:BEN Beneficial to Speaker — It indicates that the formative is of benefit to the first-person speaker of the sentence.	good for me (speaker)	xamgu: beneficial to x2 · party mi Speaker-benefit; xamgu fi mi or sumti with mi.
✅	2:BEN Beneficial to Addressee — It indicates that the formative is of benefit to the addressee of the sentence, i.e., the party to whom the speaker of the sentence is speaking.	good for you (addressee)	xamgu · party do Addressee-benefit; party do.
✅	3:BEN Beneficial to Third Party — It indicates that the formative is of benefit to a third party other than the speaker or the addressee of the sentence.	good for a third party	xamgu · party da/ko'a Third-party benefit; da/ko'a.
✅	SLF:BEN Beneficial to Self — It indicates that the formative is of benefit to the formative itself to which the affix is attached.	beneficial to itself	xamgu · reflexive on formative Self-benefit; reflexive on formative referent.
✅	SLF:DET Detrimental to Self — It indicates that the formative is detrimental to the formative itself to which the affix is attached.	detrimental to itself	xlali · reflexive Self-detriments; reflexive xlali.
✅	3:DET Detrimental to Third Party — It indicates that the formative is detrimental to a third party other than the speaker or the addressee of the sentence.	bad for third party	xlali · third party Third-party detriment.
✅	2:DET Detrimental to Addressee — It indicates that the formative is detrimental to the addressee of the sentence, i.e., the party to whom the speaker of the sentence is speaking.	bad for addressee	xlali · do Addressee detriment; do.
✅	1:DET Detrimental to Speaker — It indicates that the formative is detrimental to the first-person speaker of the sentence.	bad for speaker	xlali · mi Speaker detriment; mi.

14. Phase

Nine phase values in Slot VIII (Vn -a-…-iu-). When encoded externally, use VxCs bundle PHS (§26.13): degrees 1–9 = PCT, ITR, REP, ITM, RCT, FRE, FRG, VAC, FLC.

Phase index (PHS, §26.13):

deg	Phase	Event-structure gist
1	PCT	single point-like pulse
2	ITR	rapid staccato repeats
3	REP	steady rhythmic repeats
4	ITM	punctual with long gaps
5	RCT	slow spaced recurrence
6	FRE	burst-of-bursts
7	FRG	random point pops
8	VAC	random on/off spans
9	FLC	mixed short + long random

Phase × aspect: Slot VIII carries one category; stack PHS adjunct when aspect occupies Slot VIII, or use modular adjunct §25.

Lojban phase mini-paradigm (clown honking horn):

Phase	Lojban gloss
PCT (PHS deg 1)	.i co'i lo pa'u datka cu tonga (single honk)
ITR (deg 2)	.i so'i co'i lo pa'u datka cu tonga .i ca'o rapli (machine-gun honks)
REP (deg 3)	.i lo pa'u datka cu rapli le ka tonga fi lo dikni
ITM (deg 4)	.i lo pa'u datka cu vitci tonga (honks with long pauses)
FRG (deg 7)	.i lo pa'u datka cu cunso tonga (random pops)

Status	Ithkuil	Ithkuil examples	Lojban
✅	PCT The Punctual — It describes an act, condition, or event which is point-like, momentary or instantaneous in nature, such as an explosion, a flash of lightning, a blow, a single handclap, a collision between two objects, a stab of pain, a single cough, the clicking of a lock, etc.	explosion; handclap; click	suksa: sudden/sharp change · co'i (ZAhO): point/achievative Point-like event; default phase. PHS deg 1.
💡	ITR The Iterative — The ITERATIVE Phase is shown by the Vn affix -au- in Slot VIII. It refers to a momentary or instantaneous event, like the PUNCTUAL above, which repeats itself in a rapid, on/off, staccato manner, like a machine gun burst, strobe light burst, an alarm bell ringing, or the quick unconscious tapping of a finger, the whole considered as a single event.	machine-gun burst; strobe	†sutra'i: x1 rapid staccato repeat of pointlike x2 Rapid staccato; rapli+co'i/suksa. PHS deg 2.
✅	REP The Repetitive — The REPETITIVE Phase is shown by the Vn affix -ei- in Slot VIII. It refers to a relatively brief event of indeterminate or vague duration but repeated in an on/off staccato manner, like a car horn being honked repeatedly in a fast steady rhythm, or an automatic machine press.	car horn honked in steady rhythm	rapli: x1 [action] repeats/is repeated for a total of x2 (quantity) occurrences. · rilti: x1 (sequence/non-text quote) is a rhythm/beat of music/expressive form x2. · dikni: x1 is regular/cyclical/periodic in property (ka)/activity x2 with period/interval x3. Steady staccato repeat; rapli · dikni. PHS deg 3.
✅	ITM The Intermittent — The INTERMITTENT Phase is shown by the Vn affix -eu- in Slot VIII. It is similar to the ITERATIVE above, identifying a repetitive occurrence of a PUNCTUAL event, however, unlike the ITERATIVE, the duration of time between repetitions is relatively long and contextually relevant.	fireflies flashing with long dark gaps	vitci: x1 is irregular/occasional/intermittent in property/action/aspect x2. Long-gap punctual repeats; vitci. PHS deg 4.
💡	RCT The Recurrent — The RECURRENT Phase is shown by the Vn affix -ëu- in Slot VIII. It is to the REPETITIVE as the INTERMITTENT is to the ITERATIVE.	seasonal return; slow spaced recurrence	†masrkai: x1 slow spaced longer recurrence of x2 Slow spaced recurrence; krefu+dikni. PHS deg 5.
💡	FRE The Frequentative — It indicates an iterative occurrence (a single set of punctual repetitions) which in turn repeats at intervals, the whole considered as a single event.	daily burst of honks repeating each morning	†bursti: x1 frequentative burst pattern of x2 Nested repetition; krefu+rapli. PHS deg 6.
💡	FRG The Fragmentative — It indicates a random pattern of punctual occurrences, the whole considered as a single event.	random pops of gunfire	†cunso'i: x1 random punctual fragmentative pattern Unpredictable point events; cunso+co'i. PHS deg 7.
💡	VAC The Vacillative — The VACILLATIVE Phase is shown by the Vn affix -iu- in Slot VIII. It functions as a non-punctual counterpart to the FRAGMENTATIVE, i.e., with a pattern such visually illustrated as: — – – — — — – — – — —.	erratic on-off activity (— – – — pattern)	†cunsla: x1 random vacillating non-punctual pattern Random on/off spans; slilu/cunso. PHS deg 8.
💡	FLC The Fluctuative — It indicates a random pattern of both punctual and longer occurrences.	mixed short spikes and longer lulls	†mixsla: x1 fluctuative mix of short and long pulses Mixed pulse lengths; PHS deg 9.

15. Aspect (36 values)

Thirty-six aspects in Slot VIII. External bundles: AP1–AP4 (§26.2), nine aspects each (degrees 1–9). See also ASQ (aspectual sequencing) and PHS when aspect+phase are combined in adjuncts. Primary mapping: PU/BA/ZAhO/TAhE contours + proposed †lujvo where Ithkuil aspect is finer-grained.

ZAhO span quick-map (CLL §10.10; event-as-process contours):

ZAhO	Keyword	Span / point	Typical Ithkuil aspect
pu'o	inchoative	before event begins; on verge of	IMM, ASQ deg 1, PPR (advance of)
ca'o	continuative	while event is ongoing	PRG, ASQ deg 5
ba'o	retrospective	after event has ended; in aftermath span	RTR+completed aftermath, ASQ deg 9
co'a	initiative	point: start of event	onset / TNS init
co'u	cessative	point: end of event	CSS, cessation
mo'u	completitive	point: natural completion	SMM already
co'i	achievative	point: whole event as instant; perfective	PCT, PUN, PCL
de'a	pausative	temporary halt	PAU
di'a	resumptive	resume after halt	RSM

ba'o vs co'i (CLL §10.10): ba'o marks the span after an event has ended (“finished walking on the ice”); co'i treats the whole event as a point (achievative/perfective). Do not gloss ba'o as perfective.

PU tense (pu/ba) = imaginary journey to past/future reference; do not confuse with pu'o (inchoative contour).

Aspect bundle index (AP1–AP4, §26.2): degree n on bundle = aspect below. Use adjunct when Slot VIII carries valence/phase/mood instead.

Bundle	deg 1	deg 2	deg 3	deg 4	deg 5	deg 6	deg 7	deg 8	deg 9
AP1	RTR	PRS	HAB	—	PRG	IMM	PCS	—	—
AP2	RSM	—	CSS	PAU	—	—	CNT	ATP	—
AP3	REG	CLM	SMM	RGR	PCL	ICS	EXP	IRP	PMP
AP4	DLT	TMP	XPD	LIM	EPD	PTC	PPR	DCL	CCL

Rows tagged AP5 (CUL…SQN) are seven additional §15 aspects from morphology (§5.6.30–36); no AP5 VxCs bundle in PDF — encode individually in Slot VIII or stack AP4 + ZAhO/ca'o adjuncts.

AP5 index (morphology only, seven aspects):

deg	Aspect	Event-structure gist
1	CUL	long-term eventual outcome
2	IMD	somewhere along another timeline
3	TRD	wanes / peters out
4	TNS	take up / long init
5	ITC	sequential reciprocity (throw back)
6	MTV	off away from discourse context
7	SQN	sequential progressive chain

Lojban AP5 mini-paradigm (clown journey):

Aspect	Lojban gloss
CUL (AP5 deg 1)	.i ba mulno lo nu lo pa'u datka cu zvati le tcadu (eventually wound up in town)
IMD (deg 2)	.i ca'o le nu klama cu cfari lo nu cliva (somewhere along the way I got lost)
ITC (deg 5)	.i lo cinfu cu catra fi lo pa'u datka kei le ka catra kei bo lo pa'u datka (stared back)
SQN (deg 7)	.i lo pa'u datka cu cpacu lo liste kei le ka cuxna lo pagbu kei le ka cuxna (checked off each item)

Lojban aspect mini-paradigm (clown running):

Aspect	Lojban gloss
RTR (AP1 deg 1)	.i pu lo pa'u datka cu bajra
PRS (AP1 deg 2)	.i ba lo pa'u datka cu bajra
PRG (AP1 deg 5)	.i ca'o lo pa'u datka cu bajra
IMM (AP1 deg 6)	.i pu'o lo pa'u datka cu bajra (on verge of running)
PCS (AP1 deg 7)	.i puzi lo pa'u datka cu viska (just saw)
CSS (AP2 deg 3)	.i co'u lo pa'u datka cu bajra
SMM (AP3 deg 3)	.i pu zo'u lo pa'u datka cu cliva (already left)
CCL (AP4 deg 9)	.i mulno lo nu lo pa'u datka co'u bajra (ended up stopped)

Status	Ithkuil	Ithkuil examples	Lojban
✅	RTR Retrospective — This aspect operates in conjunction with Extension (see Sec. 3.4) to create various equivalents to Western tense categories. With the DELIMITIVE, the RETROSPECTIVE implies that a state/act/event/situation is now over or completed, thus translating the simple past tense of English or certain restricted uses of the English prsent perfect forms ‘has been’ or ‘has done’ as in I’ve done it.	has done / simple past with DEL	pu (PU): did/before · ba'o (ZAhO): in aftermath of / event ended (CLL §10.10) · co'i (ZAhO): achievative / perfective point Simple past pu; in-aftermath span pu ba'o or ba'o; perfective point pu co'i. Not pu'o. AP1 deg 1.
✅	PRS Prospective — This aspect operates in conjunction with Extension to create various equivalents to Western tense categories. With the DELIMITIVE, the PROSPECTIVE translates the simple future tense of English.	simple future with DEL	ba (PU): will/after Simple future; ba only. pu'o = imminent (IMM), not general prospective. AP1 deg 2.
✅	HAB Habitual — This aspect conveys the idea of ‘always’ or ‘continues to’. When combined with the RETROSPECTIVE aspect (from Sec. 5.6.1 above), the English ‘used to’ construction offers an equivalent translation, as in She used to come see me on Wednesdays.	always / used to + RTR	na'o (TAhE): tense interval modifier: characteristically/typically; tense/modal; defaults as time tense. · ta'e (TAhE): tense interval modifier: habitually; subjective tense/modal; defaults as time tense. · di'i (TAhE): tense interval modifier: regularly; subjective tense/modal; defaults as time tense. Always/used-to; TAhE na'o/ta'e/di'i; pair with RTR for 'used to'. AP1 deg 3.
✅	PRG Progressive — This aspect conveys the idea of an act in progress, similar to the English construction ‘in the midst of [verb] + ing’ or the use of the present participle in Spanish.	in the midst of Xing	ca'o (ZAhO): during / continuative / progressive In-progress; AP1 deg 5.
✅	IMM Imminent — Conveys that an action, state or event is imminent. Translates phrases such as ‘(just) about to’ or ‘on the verge of’ as in I think Carl is about to cry.	about to / on the verge of	pu'o (ZAhO): inchoative / in anticipation of / on verge of (CLL §10.10) About to / on verge; pu'o before selbri or pu'o le nu … sumti tcita. Distinct from ba prospective and ATP have-yet-to. AP1 deg 6.
✅	PCS Precessive — Conveys that an action, state or event has immediately preceded. Translates such phrases as ‘just’ or ‘just now,’ as in We just saw a clown in the toy store.	just / just now	puzi (ZI): short past · pu ba'o (PU+ZAhO): just in aftermath of Just now/recently; puzi or pu ba'o — not pu'o. AP1 deg 7.
✅	RSM Resumptive — Conveys the idea of an act, state, or event resuming after having previously ceased, as in The girl resumed singing, or He is starting to laugh again.	resume after cessation	di'a (ZAhO): event contour for resumption of a paused process. Resume; di'a ZAhO. AP2 deg 1.
✅	CSS Cessative — Conveys the idea of cessation of an event, state or action. Translates English phrases such as ‘stop,’ ‘discontinue,’ or ‘cease,’ as in They stopped dancing at midnight.	stop / cease	co'u (ZAhO): cessative / at ending point · sisti: cease activity Stop/cease; AP2 deg 3.
✅	PAU Pausal — Indicates a pause in an action, state or event, with an implied intention to resume. Translates phrases such as ‘take a break from’ or ‘pause in’ as in Mother took a break from cleaning to gossip with her friends.	pause intending to resume	de'a (ZAhO): event contour for a temporary halt and ensuing pause in a process. · denpa: x1 awaits/waits/pauses for/until x2 at state x3 before starting/continuing x4 (activity/process). Pause intending resume; de'a · denpa. AP2 deg 4.
✅	CNT Continuative — Conveys the idea that an action, event, or state continues on. Translates phrases such as ‘keep on,’ ‘still,’ ‘stay,’ ‘yet,’ etc.	keep on / still	za'o (ZAhO): superfective / continuing too long · ranji: persists Keep on/still; AP2 deg 7.
✅💡	ATP Anticipatory — This aspect translates English ‘...have yet to (begin) \verb\’, as in I’ve yet to meet him or She has yet to begin dancing. Note that due to the peculiarities of English, use of the ATP aspect can sometimes be translated into a negative English sentence, as shown by the varying traslations of the following example:.	have yet to begin	na pu: not yet in past · na ba: not yet in future · na'e ca'o Have yet to (not begun); na pu / na ba. Not pu'o (on verge of starting). AP2 deg 8.
💡	CLM Climactic — Emphasizes the finality of an action, state or event, as translated by such English phrases as ‘once and for all’ or ‘for the last time.’.	once and for all / last time	†fanmo'i: x1 is final/climactic occurrence of x2 Once and for all; fanmo + cai or †fanmo'i. AP3 deg 2.
💡	REG Regulative — Conveys the idea of participation or involvement in an action, state, or event over an amount of time extending from the past into the future relative to the contextual present. Translates English phr…	engaged in construction of the bridge	†participi: x1 engaged in x2 over extended time Extended participation; †participi or ca'o+ze'u. AP3 deg 1.
✅	SMM Summative — Translates English ‘...(have) already...’, as in The children have already chosen their clown costumes, or Mrs. Beastly already owns three donut shops.	children have already chosen costumes	pu mo'u (PU+ZAhO): already at natural completion · pu + mo'u Already completed; pu mo'u (CLL completitive). AP3 deg 3.
💡	RGR Regressive — Conveys the idea of a return to an original or previous action, state or event after a long hiatus involving an intervening change of state or situation, as translated by the phrase ‘return to.’ The R…	return to golf after years away	†xruti: x1 returns to prior x2 after long hiatus Return after hiatus; xruti or †xruti sense. AP3 deg 4.
✅💡	PCL Preclusive — Conveys the fact that an action, state, or event takes place from inception to conclusion all in one contextual segment, translating such phrases as ‘all at once,’ ‘all in one go,’ ‘without stopping,’…	drank the entire bottle in one gulp	co'i · mulno in one span All in one span; co'i · mulno. AP3 deg 5.
✅	ICS Incessative — Conveys that an action, state or event continues on without stopping. Translates such English adverbials as ‘…on and on’ or ‘…away’ as in They danced the night away or *They’ve been battling on and …	danced the night away; battled on and on	za'o · ranji without pause On and on without pause; za'o · ranji. AP3 deg 6.
💡	EXP Experiential — Translates English ‘ever’ in the sense of ‘within the realm of one’s experience’ or ‘at some point in one’s experience,’ as in Does he ever shut up? Note the EXPERIENTIAL does not equate to ‘ever’ whe…	does he ever shut up?	†lifri'u: x1 ever within experience of x2 Ever in experience; †lifri'u or lifri+su'o. AP3 deg 7.
💡	IRP Interruptive — Translates English ‘to get interrupted while X-ing’ or ‘to X only so far or so much before having to stop’, as in I had to/was forced to stop painting the portrait, or *Myrtle tried to stop the clow…	forced to stop painting the portrait	†sisti'u: x1 interrupted while x2 Interrupted while X-ing; †sisti'u or sisti+ca'o. AP3 deg 8.
💡	PMP Preemptive — Emphasizes the singularity and initial occurrence an action, state or event, as translated by such English phrases as ‘for once’ or ‘just once,’ as well as the anticipation preceding a long-expected s…	at last! / for once he listened	†cpacu'u: x1 at last / for once x2 For once / at last; †cpacu'u. AP3 deg 9.
✅💡	DLT Dilatory — Translates English ‘(be) long-delay(ed) in being/doing X’, as in They took their time in herding the cats, or Try to delay fixing the Clown Car as long as you can.	long-delayed in herding the cats	denpa · cliva Long-delayed; denpa · cliva. AP4 deg 1.
✅	TMP Temporary — Conveys that an action, state or event is being considered or is applicable only to the present subjective context or range of the contextual present, as translated by phrases such as ‘for the time be…	sufficient for now; for the time being	ca · puzi For the time being; ca · puzi. AP4 deg 2.
✅💡	XPD Expenditive — Conveys an all-consuming action, state, or event which interferes with or prevents other events from occurring. It translates English phrases such as ‘spend one’s time’ or ‘away’ as in *Mother spends …	spends her life worrying; pining away	vitke · cpacu All-consuming / pining away; vitke · cpacu. AP4 deg 3.
💡	LIM Limitative — Translates English ‘to be/do X (just) in time’ indicating an act/event that culminates an anticipatory context. Examples: We arrived just in time to see the launch, or *The children barely submitted…	arrived just in time to see the launch	†cabna'u: x1 just in time for x2 Just in time; †cabna'u or cabna+puzi. AP4 deg 4.
✅	EPD Expeditive — Conveys a sense of haste associated with an action or event. Translates English ‘hurry (up)’ as in Hurry up and finish or They ate in a hurry.	ate in a hurry; hurry up and finish	sutla · sutka Hurry/haste; sutla · sutka. AP4 deg 5.
💡	PTC Protractive — Conveys that an action, state or event takes place over a long period of time. If used with the PUNCTUAL phase, or with formatives describing naturally brief durations, the PROTRACTIVE conveys the ide…	took place over a long period	ze'u · cedra Over long period; ze'u · cedra. AP4 deg 6.
✅💡	PPR Preparatory — Conveys that an action, state or event exists or takes place in advance of another. Translates English ‘to be/do X in advance’, ‘to be/do X in preparation for a future situation’.	prepared in advance for the banquet	bapu · prije In advance/preparation; bapu · prije. AP4 deg 7.
✅💡	DCL Disclusive — Focuses on the revelatory nature of an action, state or event, translating phrases such as ‘turn out to be,’ ‘turn out that…’ and ‘be revealed that….’.	turned out to be a clown; revealed that…	facki · krati Turn out/revealed; facki · krati. AP4 deg 8.
✅💡	CCL Conclusive — Conveys the direct outcome of an action, state or event within the short-term context of the situation at hand. Translates phrases such as ‘end up…, come to, reach the point where,’ as in *I ended up …	ended up crashing the car	mulno · short-term outcome Short-term end up; mulno outcome. AP4 deg 9.
✅💡	CUL Culminative — Similar to the CONCLUSIVE above, but with a focus on the eventual, long-term outcome over an extended period of time or through a series of developmental steps. Compare the following examples with the…	eventually they fell in love	mulno · long-term outcome Long-term eventual outcome; mulno over time. AP5 deg 1.
✅💡	IMD Intermediative — Conveys the idea that the action, state, or event takes place at some point along the timeline of, or within the duration of, another action, state, event, or background context, as translated by the …	at some point during the journey…	ca'o · somewhere along the way Somewhere along timeline of other event; ca'o mid-span. AP5 deg 2.
✅💡	TRD Tardative — Conveys the idea that an action, state, or event lessens, dwindles, or slackens in energy, intensity, or effect, impliedly by exhaustion of the active source of energy or agency, or by dissipation of …	got tired of; petered out; trailed off	jdika · preja fade Fade/peter out; jdika · preja. AP5 deg 3.
✅💡	TNS Transitional — Focuses on the initial stage of preparation, adjustment, or accustomization to an action, state or event, translated by phrases such as ‘take up,’ ‘start to,’ etc. implying a long-term process of init…	planning to take up golf	cfari · long init Take up / start long init; cfari process. AP5 deg 4.
✅	ITC Intercommutative — Conveys the idea of “sequential reciprocity,” meaning that the action or event is a consequent reciprocation triggered by, or in reaction to, an initiating action or event. It translates the English v…	threw it back; stared back	simxu · sequential back Sequential reciprocity (throw back); simxu sequential. AP5 deg 5.
✅💡	MTV Motive — Conveys that an action, state or event involves physical removal or absence of the participant from the present context of discourse. Translates such phrases as ‘be off …-ing’ or ‘go off to …’ as in *…	Dad's off hunting; went off to cavort	klama away from discourse context Off doing X away from discourse; klama absent. AP5 deg 6.
✅💡	SQN Sequential — This aspect conveys the idea a “sequential progressive” in which a series of contextually identical instances is seen as comprising a single event, usually with an implied culmination point. It transl…	checking off each item; sheep died off	liste · sequential progressive Sequential progressive series; liste · progressive chain. AP5 deg 7.

16. Level

Nine comparison levels in Slot VIII. External bundles LVL, COS, SCL, XCL (§26.5) encode level operators and comparison standards when used as adjuncts.

Level operator quick-map:

Level	Relation	Lojban	BAI
SUR	X > Y	zmadu	mau
DFT	X < Y	mleca	me'a
EQU	X = Y	dunli	du'i
SPL	max among set	traji (zmadu)	rai
IFR	min among set	traji (mleca)	—
SBE	X ≤ Y	mleca/dunli	†sme'a
SPQ	X ≥ Y	zmadu/dunli	†szma'u
MIN	floor possible	†cminy	—
MAX	ceiling possible	†cmaxy	—

Lojban comparison mini-paradigm (clown vs grocer):

Level	Lojban gloss
SUR	lo pa'u datka cu zmadu lo bajydja le ka clani (clown taller than grocer)
DFT	lo bajydja cu mleca lo pa'u datka le ka clani
EQU	lo pa'u datka cu dunli lo bajydja le ka clani
SPL	lo pa'u datka cu traji zmadu le ka clani fi lo jgari (tallest in circus)
SPQ	lo pa'u datka cu me'a lo bajydja le ka clani (at least as tall)

Stack COS/SCL/XCL §26.5 when comparison standard is external (by color, by count, etc.).

Status	Ithkuil	Ithkuil examples	Lojban
✅	SUR SUR — X M’s more than Y (or than before) / X is more M than Y (or than before).	more M than Y	zmadu: x1 exceeds/is more than x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) by amount/excess x4. · mau (BAI): zmadu modal, 1st place (a greater) exceeded by ... ; usually a sumti modifier. Comparative exceed; zmadu · BAI mau. LVL bundle.
✅	DFT DFT — X M’s less than Y (or than before) / X is less M than Y (or than before).	less M than Y	mleca: x1 is less than x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) by amount x4. · me'a (BAI): mleca modal, 1st place (a lesser) undercut by ... ; usually a sumti modifier. Comparative undercut; mleca · BAI me'a. LVL bundle. (Older label DFC = DFT.)
✅	EQU EQU — X M’s the same as Y (or as before) / X is as M as Y (or as before).	as M as Y	dunli: x1 is equal/congruent to/as much as x2 in property/dimension/quantity x3. · du'i (BAI): dunli modal, 1st place (equalled by) equally; as much as ... Equality comparison; dunli · BAI du'i. LVL bundle.
✅	SPL SPL — X M’s the most (or is the most M) within/among Y (or ever).	the most M among Y	traji: x1 is superlative in property x2 (ka), the x3 extreme (ka; default ka zmadu) among set/range x4. · rai (BAI): traji modal, 1st place with superlative ... Superlative maximum; traji · BAI rai. LVL bundle.
💡	SBE SBE — X M’s less than or = to Y (or than or equal to before) / X is less M than or = to Y / before.	at most as M as Y; no taller than John	†sme'a: x1 ≤ x2 in property x3 · mleca/dunli composite Subequative upper bound; mleca/dunli. LVL bundle.
💡	SPQ SPQ — X M’s more than or = to Y (or than or equal to before) / X is more M than or = to Y / before.	at least as M as Y; no shorter than before	†szma'u: x1 ≥ x2 in property x3 · zmadu/dunli composite Superequative lower bound; zmadu/dunli. LVL bundle.
💡	MIN MIN — X M’s at its least possible / X is at its least M possible.	at its least possible M	†cminy: x1 at minimum possible of property x2 Floor possible; †cminy or traji toward minimum. LVL bundle.
💡	MAX MAX — X M’s at its most possible / X is at its most M possible.	at its most possible M	†cmaxy: x1 at maximum possible of property x2 Ceiling possible; †cmaxy or traji toward maximum. LVL bundle.
✅	IFR IFR — X M’s the least (or is the least M) within/among Y (or ever).	the least M among Y	traji toward floor · mleca superlative Infimum superlative; traji toward floor · mleca. LVL bundle.

17. Mood

Six moods in Slot VIII Cn (on verbs, ultimate stress). Two-way statement factuality (certain vs uncertain) × three-way presupposition factuality (true / false / unknown) yields the matrix below. External bundle MCS (§26.7) encodes mood or case-scope when Slot VIII is saturated; degrees 1–5 = SUB…HYP, 6–9 = CCA…CCP, 0 = CCV (see §21).

Presupposition × statement matrix

	Presup. true	Presup. false	Presup. unknown
Statement certain	FAC	COU	ASM
Statement uncertain	SUB	HYP	SPC

Lojban mood mini-paradigm (clown's children — presupposition = he has children):

Mood	Lojban gloss
FAC (MCS default)	.i lo pa'u datka cu se rirxa lo verba .i lo verba cu kafri (has kids; kids are ill — both certain)
SUB (MCS deg 1)	.i cumki lo nu lo verba cu kafri (has kids; illness uncertain)
ASM (MCS deg 2)	.i ganai lo pa'u datka cu se rirxa lo verba gi lo verba cu kafri (if he has kids, they're ill)
SPC (MCS deg 3)	.i cumki lo nu lo pa'u datka cu se rirxa lo verba .i cumki lo nu lo verba cu kafri (both unknown)
COU (MCS deg 4)	.i da'i lo pa'u datka cu se rirxa lo verba gi lo verba cu kafri (no kids; would be ill)
HYP (MCS deg 5)	.i da'i lo pa'u datka cu se rirxa lo verba gi cumki lo nu lo verba cu kafri (no kids; illness moot)

Status	Ithkuil	Ithkuil examples	Lojban
✅	FAC The Factual — It signifies that the factuality of the speaker’s statement is certain and that there either is no underlying presupposition to the statement, or if there is, its factuality is also certain or has no bearing on the factuality of the statement.	Their kids are ill (known he has kids, known ill)	jetnu: x1 (du'u) is true/truth by standard/epistemology/metaphysics x2. · birti: x1 is certain/sure/positive/convinced that x2 is true. Default assertoric; Cn -h- or zero-marked; MCS unmarked (certain + presup. true/default).
✅	SUB The Subjunctive — It indicates that the factuality of an explicit or implicit presupposition underlying the statement is certain, but the factuality of the speaker’s statement itself is questionable or uncertain, the specific nuance of factuality intended being subject to the particular Bias and Validation associated with the verb.	Maybe his kids are ill (has kids; illness uncertain)	cumki: x1 (event/state/property) is possible under conditions x2; x1 may/might occur; x1 is a maybe. Presup. certain, statement uncertain; Cn -hl-; MCS deg 1.
💡	ASM The Assumptive — The ASSUMPTIVE mood is marked by the Cn affix -hr- in Slot VIII. It functions identically to the FACTUAL except that the factuality of an underlying presupposition is unknown.	If he has kids, they are ill / His kids'll be ill	†ifbirti: x1 certain if presupposition x2 Presup. unknown, statement certain if presup holds; Cn -hr-; MCS deg 2; often shifts Validation.
💡	SPC The Speculative — It indicates that the factuality of both the presupposition and the statement itself are unknown.	Maybe his kids are ill (kids unknown; illness uncertain)	†nalcumki: both presupposition and statement unknown Both presup and statement unknown; Cn -hm-; MCS deg 3.
💡	COU The Counterfactive — It indicates that the factuality of the underlying presupposition is false or unreal but that the factuality of the statement would otherwise be true.	His kids would be ill (he has no kids)	†da'ibir: x1 would be true but x2 is false Counterfactual would/would-have; Cn -hn-; MCS deg 4; pair with da'i counterfactual.
💡	HYP The Hypothetical — It indicates that the factuality of the underlying presupposition is false or unreal and that the factuality of the statement itself would nevertheless be uncertain even if the underlying presupposition were true.	His kids might've been ill (no kids; moot)	†da'icum: x1 might be true but x2 is false False presup + uncertain even-if; Cn -hň-; MCS deg 5.

18. Illocution

Nine illocutions in Slot IX Vk (ultimate stress on verbs). External bundle IVL (§26.13) encodes illocution + validation + expectation when Vk is adjunct-only; expectation types in §19.1; performative PFM = IVL deg 5 (not a separate Vk value). See §27.

Illocution mini-paradigm (clown at the toy store):

Illocution	Lojban gloss
ASR	.i ju'a lo pa'u datka cu zvati le dinju — assertive (believe/disbelieve)
DIR	.i ko cliva lo pa'u datka — directive (ko/e'o)
DEC	.i ca'e do turni lo pa'u datka — declarative performative
IRG	ma zvati lo pa'u datka — WH-question (ma/mo)
VER	xu lo pa'u datka cu zvati — yes/no verify (xu)
ADM	.e'i nai ko gasnu lo nu lo pa'u datka cu xlali — admonitive warning
POT	.a'o lo pa'u datka cu cliva — wish/hope (a'o/au)
HOR	.a'o da'i lo pa'u datka cu nobli — wished-but-unreal (da'i)
CNJ	.i da'i ganai lo pa'u datka cu turni gi … — conjectural if-clause
PFM	.i ca'e lo pa'u datka cu turni — performative via IVL deg 5

Illocution commitment matrix (listener obligation)

Illocution	Listener commitment	Lojban cue
ASR	believe or disbelieve	default bridi + UI2
DIR	comply or refuse	ko / e'o
DEC	recognize or deny validity	ca'e performative
IRG	supply information	ma/mo WH
VER	confirm or deny	xu yes/no
ADM	heed or ignore warning	†admui / e'u
POT	empathize with wish	a'o/au
HOR	acknowledge impossible wish	†norvoi
CNJ	accept hypothetical premise	da'i if-clause

Illocution × validation mini-paradigm (assertive ASR + UI2 on bridi):

Illocution	Validation	Ithkuil example gist	Lojban gloss
ASR	OBS	I see the clown	.i za'a lo pa'u datka cu zvati
ASR	RPR	someone said the clown left	.i ti'e lo pa'u datka cu cliva
ASR	INF	I infer the clown is inside	.i su'a lo pa'u datka cu nenri
ASR	USP	the clown corrupted the child (source unstated)	.i ju'a lo pa'u datka cu gasnu lo nu lo cinfu cu xlali
DIR	(any)	do something about the clown!	.i ko gasnu lo nu lo pa'u datka cu cliva
IRG	(any)	where is the clown?	ma zvati lo pa'u datka
VER	(any)	is the clown here?	xu lo pa'u datka cu zvati
DEC	CVN	I declare you married	.i ca'e do speni
CNJ	IMA	if the clown were king…	.i da'i ganai lo pa'u datka cu te nobli gi …

Status	Ithkuil	Ithkuil examples	Lojban
✅	ASR Assertive — The ASSERTIVE is used to express propositions which purport to describe or name some act, event, or state in the real world, with the purpose of committing the hearer to the truth of the proposition. Thus, an utterance in the ASSERTIVE Illocution is one that can be believed or disbelieved, and is either true or false.	truth-claim about the world	ju'a (UI2): evidential: I state - (default) elliptical/non-specific basis. Default bridi.
✅	DIR Directive — It describes an act or situation which can potentially be made real, i.e., that can be fulfilled or carried out.	command / commissive	ko (KOhA3): pro-sumti: you (imperative); make it true for you, the listener. Also e'o; commissive †cizmu'i optional.
✅	DEC Declarative — The DECLARATIVE is used for utterances whose purpose is to themselves effect a change upon the real world, based upon convention, cultural rules, law, subjective authority, or personal authority or control of a situation. The commitment imposed upon the hearer is one of recognition or non-recognition.	utterance effects change by convention	ca'e (UI2): evidential: I define. Performative/declarative; ca'e + illocution DEC on Slot IX Vk.
✅	IRG Interrogative — A statement whose purpose is to inquire or seek information from the addressee (i.e., equivalent to an English WH-question) — see Sec. 10.6 for further explanation on the use of IRG Illocution.	WH-question	ma (KOhA7): pro-sumti: sumti question (what/who/how/why/etc.); appropriately fill in sumti blank. · mo (GOhA): pro-bridi: bridi/selbri/brivla question. WH-question; ma/mo in pre-fill or open place; IVL Type-2 RSP.
✅	VER Verificative — The commitment on the part of the listener in regard to the VERIFICATIVE is one of compliance or non-compliance in divulging the information sought, and the truth value of the utterance is neutral pending the reply.	yes/no confirmation	xu (UI6): discursive: true-false question. Yes/no question; xu discursive; pairs with PFM illocution.
💡	ADM Admonitive — It describes only a potential act or situation which may occur unless avoided. The commitment on the part of the hearer is to assess the degree of likelihood of the potentiality, followed by a choice whether to heed or ignore/defy the utterance.	warning/advisory	†admui: UI: warning/advisory illocution Partial: e'u/e'i.
✅	POT Potentiative — A statement of wishing, hoping, or other unreal(ized) provenance.	wish/hope/unrealized	a'o (UI1): attitudinal: hope - despair. · au (UI1): attitudinal: desire - indifference - reluctance. Wish/hope; a'o/au attitudinal; unrealized provenance.
💡	HOR Hortative — The HORTATIVE is used for statements that are untrue or unreal, but wished to be true or real.	desired but impossible if-only	†norvoi: UI: desired but impossible Wished-but-impossible; †norvoi or a'o + counterfactual da'i.
✅	CNJ Conjectural — Equivalent to an English-language “if”-clause, indicating that the statement is offered as a conjectured hypothetical, ostensibly to be followed by a “then...” implicational clause. Translatable as “If (it were the case that)...”.	if-clause hypothetical	da'i (UI3): discursive: supposing - in fact. If-clause introducer; da'i discursive + following gi/ni.

19. Validation

Nine validation types paired with illocution on Slot IX Vk. External bundle SNC (§26.13) = sanction/validation type (PPS/EPI/ALG/…/AXM); IVL bundles illocution+validation+expectation. Lojban: prefix bridi with UI2 evidential (za'a, ti'e, ka'u, …) or use IVL when Vk saturated.

Validation ↔ UI2 quick map: OBS→za'a · REC→ba'a · RPR→ti'e · CVN→ka'u · ITU→se'o/pe'i · INF→su'a · PUP→†je'a'a · USP→ju'a (default) · IMA→xanri/†xa'a'a.

Validation mini-paradigm (same bridi: clown in store):

Validation	UI2	Lojban gloss
OBS	za'a	.i za'a lo pa'u datka cu zvati — I see/perceive
REC	ba'a	.i ba'a lo pa'u datka cu zvati — I remember seeing
RPR	ti'e	.i ti'e lo pa'u datka cu zvati — I hear (hearsay)
CVN	ka'u	.i ka'u lo pa'u datka cu remna — culturally known
ITU	se'o	.i se'o lo pa'u datka cu zvati — hunch/feeling
INF	su'a	.i su'a lo pa'u datka cu nenri — I infer
PUP	†je'a'a	.i je'a'a lo pa'u datka cu zvati — authoritative source
USP	ju'a	.i ju'a lo pa'u datka cu zvati — unstated source (default)
IMA	xanri	.i xanri lo pa'u datka — imaginary/unreal frame

Stack SNC §26.13 for optional sanction overlay (debate/refutability) on top of validation UI2.

Status	Ithkuil	Ithkuil examples	Lojban
✅	OBS Observational — Present sensory knowledge or present sensory experience: “I perceive...	I perceive…	za'a (UI2): evidential: I observe. Direct sensory; za'a UI2 prefix on bridi.
✅	REC Recollective — Past sensory knowledge or past sensory experience – “I remember... / I know (from memory)...”.	I remember…	ba'a (UI2): evidential: I expect - I experience - I remember. Stabilize memory reading; optional † sharpen.
✅	RPR Reportive — Knowledge from a 3rd party: “I heard (from someone)... / someone has said...”.	I heard from someone…	ti'e (UI2): evidential: I hear (hearsay). Hearsay; ti'e UI2.
✅	CVN Conventional — Cultural/conventional (i.e., collectively agreed-upon) knowledge: “They say...	They say… / cultural knowledge	ka'u (UI2): evidential: I know by cultural means (myth or custom). Cultural knowledge; ka'u UI2.
✅	ITU Intuitive — Intuition, hunch, subjective feeling, past experiences, etc. / something tells me...”.	hunch/feeling	se'o (UI2): evidential: I know by internal experience (dream, vision, or personal revelation). · pe'i (UI2): evidential: I opine (subjective claim). Intuition/opinion; se'o or pe'i UI2.
✅	INF Inferential — Inference from evidence (or absence of alternatives), induction, extrapolation, etc. “I infer... / I reason...”.	I infer…	su'a (UI2): evidential: I generalize - I particularize Optional †ni'a'a.
💡	PUP Purportive — Knowledge from a definitive/(quasi-)verifiable 3rd party source: “I’ve read... / (an expert) has said...”.	definitive/verifiable 3rd-party source	†je'a'a: UI2: definitive external source Authoritative source; †je'a'a or ti'e + jetnu.
✅	USP Unspecified — Validation deliberately unspecified.	the priest finally lost his virginity (evidential unstated)	ju'a (UI2): evidential: I state - (default) elliptical/non-specific basis. Default when no UI2; IVL deg 0 + ASR.
✅	IMA Imaginary — Unreal statement, not intended as true, based on whim, imagination, dream, altered mental state, etc.	dream/whim/unreal	xanri: x1 [concept] exists in the imagination of/is imagined by/is imaginary to x2. Optional †xa'a'a as UI2.

19.1 Expectation (addressee response)

Three expectations pair with illocution on Slot IX Vk (and with IVL Types 1/2/3 on framed formatives). Type-1 = cognitive (listen only); Type-2 = responsive (verbal reply); Type-3 = executive (physical action). Matrix with ASR/PFM: morphology v0.16 §3.12.3.2.

Expectation-only mini-paradigm (toilet paper on your shoe):

Expectation	Addressee duty	Lojban gloss
COG	listen/consider only	.i ju'a lo se cpare be do cu zvati do — FYI, no reply needed
RSP	reply verbally	ma do ba gasnu fi le se cpare — what will you do about it?
EXE	act physically	.e'o ko gasnu lo nu le se cpare cu cliva — do something!

On IVL: Type-1 = COG, Type-2 = RSP, Type-3 = EXE (§26.13).

Illocution × expectation matrix (toilet-paper / clown examples):

Illocution	COG (listen)	RSP (reply)	EXE (act)
ASR	FYI: clown left	ASR+RSP: what will you do?	ASR+EXE: do something!
DIR	rare	DIR+RSP: will you comply?	ko imperative
IRG	—	ma zvati lo pa'u datka	—
VER	—	xu lo pa'u datka cu zvati	—
PFM (= IVL deg 5)	performative declare	PFM+RSP yes/no confirm	PFM+EXE oath/act

Lojban glosses:

Combo	Lojban
ASR+COG	.i ju'a lo pa'u datka cu zvati le vorme (no response expected)
ASR+RSP	ma do ba gasnu fi le pa'u datka
ASR+EXE	.e'o ko gasnu lo nu lo pa'u datka cu cliva
VER+RSP	xu do zvati le pa'u datka
PFM+EXE	.i ko cuxna lo se jicmu (performative + act)

Status	Ithkuil	Ithkuil examples	Lojban
✅	COG Cognitive — Addressee expected to listen and consider; no reply or action required.	There's toilet paper on your shoe (FYI)	— default assertive bridi ASR+COG ≈ plain statement; no extra marker.
✅💡	RSP Responsive — Addressee expected to respond verbally (acknowledge, answer, rebut).	What are you going to do about that toilet paper?	xu · ma/mo · go'i expected ASR+RSP ≈ WH-question; VER ≈ PFM+RSP yes/no.
✅	EXE Executive — Addressee expected to act physically in response.	Do something about that toilet paper!	ko · e'o ASR+EXE ≈ indirect command; PFM+EXE ≈ imperative.

19.2 Sanction (optional overlay)

Nine sanction types via SNC (§26.13). Optional in Ithkuil IV (evidential validation in §19 is mandatory for assertives); use when overtly marking refutability, ontological vs conventional status, or debate-closure.

Sanction vs validation (§19): Validation = speaker's evidence source (UI2 on bridi). Sanction = debatability/refutation frame overlay via SNC — orthogonal to UI2.

Sanction mini-paradigm:

Sanction	Debate stance	Lojban gloss
PPS	ontological fact, not debatable	.i jetnu lo du'u lo fujysanmi cu cibysanmi
EPI	cultural convention	.i ka'u remna jmive le ka se risna
ALG	allegation, rebuttable	.i pe'i lo pa'u datka cu xokydzu
IPU	presumed until rebutted	.i ca'i lo ninci cu nalselcakfu
RFU	epistemic rebuttal	.i na'e ka'u ro datka cu xlali
REB	ontological rebuttal	.i na'e jetnu lo du'u …
CJT	testable hypothesis	.i selsku lo se pilno be lo ka cikre
EXV	untestable speculation	.i si'o lo nu mi'e remna
AXM	axiomatic closure	.i ca'e lo du'u re su'i re li pa

Status	Ithkuil	Ithkuil examples	Lojban
✅💡	PPS Propositional — Ontological assertion based on ontological fact.	that's Mount Fuji (ontological fact claim)	jetnu: x1 (du'u) is true/truth by standard x2. Ontological fact claim; jetnu/fatci — not open to conventional dispute; SNC deg 1.
✅	EPI Epistemic — Epistemic assertion based on conventional/cultural fact.	they say humans descended from apes (cultural knowledge)	ka'u (UI2): evidential: I know by cultural means. Cultural/conventional knowledge; ka'u UI2; distinct from CVN validation (speaker source).
💡	ALG Allegative — Allegation expressing belief, subject to rebuttal.	I allege he stole it	pe'i · ti'e hearsay + challengeable Challengeable allegation; pe'i/ti'e + invite rebuttal; debate-open.
💡	IPU Imputative — Rebuttable presumption (assumed true until proven otherwise).	presumed innocent until …	ca'i: attitudinal: with intent - accidentally Presumed true until rebutted; ca'i default + na'e to overturn.
💡	RFU Refutative — Rebuttal/refutation based on epistemic knowledge.	that's false according to the records	na'e + jetnu/ka'u rebuttal Epistemic refutation; na'e + ka'u/jetnu records.
💡	REB Rebuttative — Rebuttal/refutation based on ontological fact.	that's objectively false	na'e + ontological jetnu Ontological refutation; na'e jetnu — objective falsehood claim.
💡	CJT Conjectural — Testable/verifiable hypothesis.	hypothesis that X causes Y	selsku: x1 is a text/expression in language x2. Testable hypothesis; selsku/plu/cnino selsku scientific frame.
💡	EXV Expatiative — Conjecture not presumably testable/verifiable.	speculative cosmology	si'o (NU): abstractor: idea/concept abstractor. Untestable speculation; si'o abstract; not empirical CJT.
✅💡	AXM Axiomatic — Conclusive presumption not rationally debatable.	axioms of arithmetic	ca'e (UI2): evidential: I define. · birti: certain that x2 is true. Non-debatable closure; ca'e/birti/cai — axioms, definitions.

20. Cases (68 values)

Sixty-eight cases in Slot IX Vc. External encoding: case-accessor / inverse-accessor / case-stacking VxCs in §26.17 (degrees select case series and type).

Case groups (PDF): Transrelative (#1–9 THM–IND) · Appositive (#10–18 POS–PAR) · Associative (#19–27 APL–CSD) · Adverbial (#28–36 FUN–SIT) · Relational (#37–44 PRN–RLT) · Affinitive (#45–52 ACT–VOC) · Spatio-temporal I (#53–60 LOC–NAV) · Spatio-temporal II (#61–68 CNR–PLM).

Lojban mapping notes: Transrelative → sumti places + BAI (gau,pi'o,ri'i,xau,…). Appositive → GOI (pe,po,po'e). Correlative/postpositional → BAI modals. Correspondent/identifying → noi/ckaji/se skicu. Temporal → PU/BA/ZAhO. Spatial → FAhA + zvati. Case-accessors: §26.17.

Case index (PDF #1–68): VX series for #1–36 = ⌊(n−1)/9⌋+1 (groups of 9); #37–68 = ⌊(n−37)/8⌋+1 with alternate CS consonant series (sy/zy/čy/…; † in table). Full VX series table: §26.17. Accessor rows: §26.17.

#	Case	VX	Group	Primary Lojban
1	THM	1	Transrelative	du'u/theme x3/x4
2	INS	1	Transrelative	BAI pi'o · pilno
3	ABS	1	Transrelative	se gasnu patient
4	AFF	1	Transrelative	cinmo · BAI ri'i
5	STM	1	Transrelative	†cinrygau stimulus
6	EFF	1	Transrelative	rinka enabler
7	ERG	1	Transrelative	gasnu · BAI gau
8	DAT	1	Transrelative	cpacu recipient
9	IND	1	Transrelative	sevzi self-action
10	POS	2	Appositive	GOI pe alienable
11	PRP	2	Appositive	GOI po ownership
12	GEN	2	Appositive	GOI po'e inalienable
13	ATT	2	Appositive	ckaji attribute
14	PDC	2	Appositive	finti · BAI fi'e
15	ITP	2	Appositive	sinxa · la'e
16	OGN	2	Appositive	krasi · BAI fanva
17	IDP	2	Appositive	jicmu tandem
18	PAR	2	Appositive	BAI cu'u partitive
19	APL	3	Associative	pilno temporary use
20	PUR	3	Associative	kosmu purpose
21	TRA	3	Associative	BAI xau beneficiary
22	DFR	3	Associative	†respa deference
23	CRS	3	Associative	binra substitute
24	TSP	3	Associative	binra on behalf
25	CMM	3	Associative	canja exchange
26	CMP	3	Associative	karbi standard
27	CSD	3	Associative	BAI ma'i frame
28	FUN	4	Adverbial	BAI tai manner
29	TFM	4	Adverbial	binxo into
30	CLA	4	Adverbial	klesi sort basis
31	RSL	4	Adverbial	jalge · BAI ja'e
32	CSM	4	Adverbial	xaksu consumed
33	CON	4	Adverbial	BAI koi'ai despite
34	AVR	4	Adverbial	terpa fear/avoid
35	CVS	4	Adverbial	se except/unless
36	SIT	4	Adverbial	mu'i background
37	PRN	1†	Relational	se skicu about
38	DSP	1†	Relational	ckaji describe
39	COR	1†	Relational	srana associate
40	CPS	1†	Relational	gunma made-of
41	COM	1†	Relational	kansa · JOI jo'u
42	UTL	1†	Relational	pilno while-using
43	PRD	1†	Relational	nuncni based-on
44	RLT	1†	Relational	poi/noi relative
45	ACT	2†	Affinitive	bilga modal x1
46	ASI	2†	Affinitive	simsa as/like
47	ESS	2†	Affinitive	cmene role/name
48	TRM	2†	Affinitive	klama goal
49	SEL	2†	Affinitive	di'i every/recurring
50	CFM	2†	Affinitive	marde pursuant
51	DEP	2†	Affinitive	ganbi if-circumstances
52	VOC	2†	Affinitive	doi address
53	LOC	3†	Spatio-temp I	zvati · bu'u
54	ATD	3†	Spatio-temp I	in presence of
55	ALL	3†	Spatio-temp I	FAhA fa'a toward
56	ABL	3†	Spatio-temp I	FAhA to'o away
57	ORI	3†	Spatio-temp I	crane face/front
58	IRL	3†	Spatio-temp I	FAhA relative-to
59	INV	3†	Spatio-temp I	pu/ba span endpoint
60	NAV	3†	Spatio-temp I	FAhA along axis
61	CNR	4†	Spatio-temp II	PU ca during
62	ASS	4†	Spatio-temp II	mekso / per-unit
63	PER	4†	Spatio-temp II	frame containing events
64	PRO	4†	Spatio-temp II	ze'u duration
65	PCV	4†	Spatio-temp II	pu before point
66	PCR	4†	Spatio-temp II	ba after point
67	ELP	4†	Spatio-temp II	pu/ba ago/from-now
68	PLM	4†	Spatio-temp II	by deadline/within

Transrelative participant expansion (§26.8): Stack on ERG/AFF/ABS/… nouns to refine causal role.

Affix	Domain	Lojban sketch	Status
CNS	Degree of consent on patient	reluctant/ni'o consent scale	§26.8
RSN	Reason for action/emotion	krasi · mu'i	§26.8
XPT	Expected outcome	ca'e expectation · ju'a	§26.8
DLB	Deliberateness/agency	ga'i intentional vs accidental	§26.8
ENB	Means of enablement	rinka chain · bapra	§26.8
AGN	Agency/intent/effectiveness	gasnu + intent UI	§26.8
IMP	Impact on patient/target	result place on ABS/AFF	§26.8

Lojban transrelative mini-paradigm (clown/child/anger, after cases.md §4.2.10):

Pattern	Ithkuil gist	Lojban gloss
AFF+ERG	clown makes child angry	lo pa'u datka cu gasnu lo nu lo cinfu cu badri
AFF+EFF	clown's causing makes child angry	lo rinka be lo nu lo pa'u datka cu gasnu … cu badri lo cinfu
AFF+IND	child angers self (at clown)	lo cinfu cu badri (self experiencer)
ABS+ERG	clown hits child	lo pa'u datka cu darxi lo cinfu

Appositive case mini-paradigm (girl / poem / car — cases #10–18):

Case	#	Lojban gloss
POS	10	le cukta pe la .alis. — Alice's book (alienable, pe)
PRP	11	le karce po la .alis. — Alice's car (owned, po)
GEN	12	le xance po'e la .alis. — Alice's hand (inalienable, po'e)
ATT	13	le se badri be lo pa'u datka po'e lo cinfu — child's grief (attribute)
PDC	14	le se finpe fi'e la .alis. — poem by the girl (fi'e)
ITP	15	la'e lo nu lo pa'u datka cu xlali — interpreted as a threat
OGN	16	le cfari be le se cilce — origin of the custom (fanva)
IDP	17	lo blotu joi lo se vitsi — lock and key tandem (jicmu)
PAR	18	lo kabri be lo kafycpacu — cup of coffee (inner quantifier)

Associative case mini-paradigm (journey / exchange — cases #19–27):

Case	#	Lojban gloss
APL	19	fi'o pilno le vorme lo nu cliva — using the door for escape now
PUR	20	fi'o mu'u le nu klama — purpose of the journey
TRA	21	fi'o xau la .alis. — for Alice's sake / fi'o xlali to her detriment
DFR	22	fi'o se respa la turni — out of respect for the elder
CRS	23	lo cmacu binra lo sakta — honey replaced sugar
TSP	24	lo sakta binra lo cmacu — honey substituted for sugar
CMM	25	lo pendo canja lo pendo — paid too much for the dress
CMP	26	lo pa'u datka zmadu la .alis. le ka clira — taller than John
CSD	27	ma'i la .alis. lo pa'u datka cu xamgu — according to Alice

Relational case mini-paradigm (book / clowns — cases #37–44):

Case	#	Lojban gloss
PRN	37	lo se skicu be lo pa'u datka — talk about clowns
DSP	38	lo pa'u datka poi ckaji lo ka xamgu — characterizable as clown-like
COR	39	lo pa'u datka joi lo sinxa — symbolic link between concepts
CPS	40	lo bitmu co gunma lo bradi — wall of bricks
COM	41	lo pa'u datka joi lo pendo cu klama — walked with a friend
UTL	42	lo pa'u datka cu pilno lo cukta ca'o lo nu bajra — reading while walking
PRD	43	lo se marde cu se jicmu lo se nalsnu — laws based in reason
RLT	44	le cukta poi mi tcidu ke'a — the book that I read (DCD §26.1 head)

Appositive pairs default CCP/CCV case-scope (§21): first case scopes forward, second backward on adjacent formatives.

Adverbial case mini-paradigm (manner / result — cases #28–36):

Case	#	Lojban gloss
FUN	28	lo pa'u datka cu bajra tai lo ka sutra — ran quickly (tai)
TFM	29	lo pa'u datka cu binxo lo frog — turned into a frog
CLA	30	lo pa'u datka cu klesi fi lo skari — sorted by color
RSL	31	ja'e lo nu lo pa'u datka cu darxi kei lo pa'u datka cu cliva — result: left
CSM	32	lo solji cu xaksu lo nu lo marce co'a plipe — fuel consumed by engine
CON	33	ku'i lo nu bradi cu cfari kei mi klama — despite the rain, we went
AVR	34	mu'i le nu terpa lo pincer — out of fear of spiders
CVS	35	da'i nai lo nu bradi cu cfari kei mi klama — except it rained…
SIT	36	mu'i le nu bradi cu cfari — against backdrop of war (non-causal)

Affinitive case mini-paradigm (modal / role — cases #45–52):

Case	#	Lojban gloss
ACT	45	la .djon. bilga lo nu jdina — Mr. Jones is obligated to pay
ASI	46	lo pa'u datka cu simsa lo cipni le ka sanga — sings like a bird
ESS	47	la .emili. cmene la .emili. — known as Emily
TRM	48	lo pa'u datka cu tcica lo nu klama le tcadu — goal: reach town
SEL	49	di'i lo pa'u datka cu klama — every three days
CFM	50	ca'i le se marde cu gasnu — pursuant to the rules
DEP	51	ganbi lo nu … kei gasnu — if circumstances regarding X warrant
VOC	52	doi la .djan. — O John!

BAI / fi'o quick-map (non-transrelative cases): Primary modal hook when case is encoded externally or on a tagged sumti. Full rows below; accessors §26.17.

#	Case	BAI / hook	Mini-gloss
2	INS	pi'o	opened with the key
4	AFF	ri'i	angry because of stimulus
7	ERG	gau	agent of act
14	PDC	fi'e	poem by the girl
16	OGN	fanva	origin of the custom
18	PAR	cu'u	cup of coffee (chosen-from)
20	PUR	mu'u · fi'o kosmu	purpose of the journey
21	TRA	xau · seva'u · xlali	for her sake / to her detriment
27	CSD	ma'i	according to the teacher
28	FUN	tai	ran quickly (-ly manner)
31	RSL	ja'e	result of the collision
33	CON	koi'ai	despite the rain
36	SIT	mu'i (background)	given the presence of clowns
53	LOC	bu'u · zvati	at the store
55	ALL	fa'a	toward the door
56	ABL	to'o	away from the city
61	CNR	ca · de'i	during the war / at noon

Spatio-temporal case mini-paradigm (clown at the store → through the week):

Case	#	Lojban gloss
LOC	53	.i lo pa'u datka cu zvati le dinju — at the store
ALL	55	.i lo pa'u datka cu klama fa'a le vorme — toward the door
ABL	56	.i lo pa'u datka cu klama to'o le tcadu — away from town
ATD	54	.i lo pa'u datka cu zvati fa'o le turni — in the king's presence
CNR	61	.i ca le nu bradi cu cfari — during the war
PRO	64	.i ca'o le sanctu cu rapli le ka sanga — sang for an hour (through lunch)
PCV	65	.i le tcadu pu lo nu bradi cu cfari — city before the war
PCR	66	.i le tcadu ba lo nu bradi cu mulno — city after the war
ELP	67	.i pu ze'u lo ni li pa lo pa'u datka cu zvati — three days ago
PLM	68	.i ba le li mu lo pa'u datka cu bilga lo ka cliva — must leave by Friday

Spatial cases → FAhA + zvati/klama; temporal → PU/BA/ZAhO/ze'u. External encoding: §26.17 ACCESSOR + §26.3 spatial bundles (M01–S31).

Gap notes: No single BAI for APL (19), DFR (22), CRS/TSP (23–24), CSM (32), AVR (34), CVS (35), UTL (42), DEP (51), ATD (54), ORI/IRL/INV/NAV (57–60), ASS/PER/PRO/PCV/PCR/ELP/PLM (62–68) — use selbri + fi'o or case-accessor §26.17.

Status	Ithkuil	Ithkuil examples	Lojban
✅	THM Thematic Case — It indicates the (usually inanimate) party which is a participant to the verbal predicate where that participant does not undergo any tangible change of state.	story as content of telling; children as object of desire	du'u content · sinxa referent · non-participant x3/x4 Content/theme participant; not patient.
✅	INS Instrumental Case — It indicates the entity acting as means utilized by an explicit or implicit agent to implement/carry out the effect/impact of an act/event.	opened the door with the key; key opened the door	se (SE): 2nd conversion; switch 1st/2nd places. · pilno: x1 uses/employs x2 [tool, apparatus, machine, agent, acting entity, material] for purpose x3. BAI pi'o.
✅	ABS Absolutive Case — It indicates the party that is the target of, or undergoes, the effect/impact or change of state as a result of a tangible act/event.	the door opened; dog was hit (undergoes change)	se gasnu patient · x2 of transitive · rinka undergoer Patient of tangible act.
✅	AFF Affective Case — It indicates the party who undergoes an unwilled, affective experience, e.g., coughing, sneezing, feeling hot/cold, trembling, experiencing sensory input (tactile, olfactory, visual, aural, gustatory), proprioceptive states, psychological/emotional states, reflex reactions such as cringing, yawning, ducking, screaming in fright, etc.	child angry (AFF+ERG); Mary sees the children; shivered from cold	cinmo: x1 feels emotion x2 (ka) about x3. Also BAI ri'i. Experiencer of unwilled state.
💡	STM Stimulative Case — It indicates the party/entity/idea/thought/situation or mental state which triggers an unwilled, affective response or is the trigger for an existential states with no tangibly affected patient, e.g., The hammer exemplifies toolship, The man possesses a cat, That book contains poems.	hammer exemplifies toolship; book contains poems	†cinrygau: x1 stimulates affective state x2 in x3 Stimulus of affective state.
✅	EFF Effectuative Case — It indicates the party/force that initiates a chain of causal events or who induces another party to act as an agent.	clown's causing makes child angry (EFF+AFF); boss made worker act	rinka: x1 (event/state) effects/physically causes effect x2 (event/state) under conditions x3. · gasnu: x1 [person/agent] is an agentive cause of event x2; x1 does/brings about x2. Enabler/initiator chain; see ENB §26.8.
✅	ERG Ergative Case — It indicates the animate party or inanimate force which initiates/causes an act/event which creates a tangible effect or change of state in a patient.	clown makes child angry (kšilo+AFF); John opened the door	gasnu: x1 [person/agent] is an agentive cause of event x2; x1 does/brings about x2. · gau (BAI): gasnu modal, 1st place agent/actor case tag with active agent ... Agent or conscious force.
✅	DAT Dative Case — The DATIVE case is marked by the Vc affix -ü in Slot IX of a formative. Its semantic role is that of RECIPIENT, as described earlier in Sec. 4.1.2, indicating the party which is the (intended) recipient of a verb of transference, transmission, or communication.	give the dog a bone; tell her your secret	cpacu recipient · terve give-to · tcidu audience Recipient of transfer/communication.
✅	IND Inducive Case — The INDUCIVE case is marked by the Vc affix -u in Slot IX of a formative. Its semantic role is that of simultaneous AGENT and PATIENT, as described earlier in Sec. 4.1.1, indicating the patient who undergoes the tangible effect, impact, or change of state of an act/event initiated/caused by that self-same party.	the boys run; we talked for hours; couple eats dinner	sevzi: x1 is a self/ego/id/identity-image of x2. Agent=patient (self).
✅	POS Possessive Case — The POSSESSIVE case is marked by the Vc affix -ai in formative Slot IX. The POSSESSIVE is used to refer to a noun which has alienable (i.e., removable or severable) possession of another noun in the sense of having physical control or oversight of that noun, whether by chance circumstance or deliberate manipulation.	holding someone's book (alienable control)	ponse: x1 possesses/owns/has x2 under law/custom x3; x1 is owner/proprietor of x2 under x3. · pe (GOI): restrictive relative phrase marker: which is associated with ...; loosest associative/possessive. Alienable; GOI pe/po.
✅	PRP Proprietive Case — The PROPRIETIVE case is marked by the Vc affix -au in formative Slot IX. The PROPRIETIVE identifies a noun having alienable possession of another noun in the sense of quasi-permanent contextual control, ownership or oversight, whether by societal recognition, social convention, law, purchase or decree, which mere physical separation does not sever.	my car; her house (quasi-permanent ownership)	ponse: x1 possesses/owns/has x2 under law/custom x3; x1 is owner/proprietor of x2 under x3. · po (GOI): restrictive relative phrase marker: which is specific to ...; normal possessive physical/legal. Quasi-permanent ownership.
✅	GEN Genitive Case — The GENITIVE case is marked by the Vc affix -ei in formative Slot IX. The GENITIVE is used to refer to a noun which has inalienable (i.e., unremovable, unseverable) possession of or association with another noun in the sense of having that noun as an inherent or intrinsic attribute, characteristic, physical part, or genetic (i.e., familial) bond, e.g.,…	John's hand; mother's child (inalienable)	po'e (GOI): restrictive relative phrase marker: which belongs to ... ; inalienable possession. Inalienable.
✅	PDC Productive Case — The PRODUCTIVE case is marked by the Vc affix -ëu in formative Slot IX. The PRODUCTIVE identifies the creator, author or originator of another noun, e.g., the girl’s poem, the clowns’ plan, my statue (i.e., the one I sculpted).	the girl's poem; my statue (I sculpted it)	finti: x1 invents/creates/composes/authors x2 for function/purpose x3 from existing elements/ideas x4. · fi'e (BAI): finti modal, 1st place (creator) created by ... Creator/author.
✅	PUR Purposive Case — The PURPOSIVE case is marked by the Vc affix -ie (or -uë if immediately preceded by -y-) in formative Slot IX. The PURPOSIVE identifies a noun which characterizes or defines the purpose of, or reason for, another noun.	purpose of the journey; reason for the rule	kosmu: x1 (abstraction) is a purpose/use of x2 (object or event), attributed by x3 · terzu'e: z3 is the purpose of action z2 by agent z1. kosmu experimental.
✅	TRA Transmissive Case — The TRANSMISSIVE case is marked by the Vc affix -io (or -üä if immediately preceded by -y-) in formative Slot IX. The TRANSMISSIVE identifies a noun for whose sake or benefit an action or event occurs or is done or the party to whose detriment an action or event occurs.	did it for her sake; to his detriment	seva'u · xau (BAI): preposition: marks that which the bridi is beneficial to; for the benefit of..., with beneficiary... Beneficiary; exp. xau.
✅	CMM Commutative Case — The COMMUTATIVE case is marked by the Vc affix -uo (or -öä if immediately preceded by -w-) in formative Slot IX. The COMMUTATIVE translates English ‘for’ in the sense of ‘in exchange for’ as in You paid too much money for that dress, She kills for thrills.	paid too much money for that dress; kills for thrills	canja: x1 exchanges/trades/barters commodity x2 for x3 with x4; x1, x4 is a trader/merchant/businessman. In exchange for.
✅	CMP Comparative Case — The COMPARATIVE case is marked by the Vc affix -ue (or -ië if immediately preceded by -w-) in formative Slot IX. The COMPARATIVE identifies a noun being compared to another.	taller than John; runs faster than before	karbi: x1 [observer] compares x2 with x3 in property x4 (ka), determining comparison x5 (state). Standard of comparison.
✅	CSD Considerative Case — The CONSIDERATIVE case is marked by the Vc affix -ua (or -iä if immediately preceded by -w-) in formative Slot IX. It translates English terms such as ‘according to,’ ‘in the opinion of.’ Examples of usage would be In my opinion he’s a coward; According to our teacher, humans are descended from apes.	in my opinion he's a coward; according to our teacher	ma'i (BAI): manri modal, 1st place (by standard 2) in reference frame ... According to.
✅	FUN Functive Case — The FUNCTIVE case is marked by the Vc affix -ao in formative Slot IX. It functions similarly to English adverbs ending in -ly or the adverbial use of with, identifying the manner in which an action, event, or state occurs or exists.	ran quickly; spoke with enthusiasm (-ly manner)	tai (BAI): tamsmi modal, 1st place (like)/(in manner 2) resembling ...; sharing ideal form ... Manner -ly.
✅	TFM Transformative Case — The TRANSFORMATIVE case is marked by the Vc affix -aö in formative Slot IX. The TRANSFORMATIVE identifies the outcome or final state of a process, often translatable by ‘to,’ ‘until,’ or ‘into’ in the sense of reaching a final state after having undergone some transformation.	turned into a frog; grew to adulthood	binxo: x1 becomes/changes/converts/transforms into x2 under conditions x3. Into final state.
✅	RSL Resultative Case — The RESULTATIVE case is marked by the Vc affix -eö. The RESULTATIVE identifies a result or consequence, usually translatable utilizing a clause-like structure in English.	result of the collision; therefore we left	jalge: x1 (action/event/state) is a result/outcome/conclusion of antecedent x2 (event/state/process). · ja'e (BAI): jalge modal, 1st place resultingly; therefore result ... Result/consequence.
✅	CON Concessive Case — The CONCESSIVE case is marked by the Vc affix -öe. The CONCESSIVE case identifies a noun, situation, or circumstance which gives rise to an expectation of a certain result which, in fact, does not occur.	despite the rain, we went; although tired, she finished	koi'ai (BAI): na'e tolki'u modal, first place; despite the reason... Despite; experimental concessives.
✅	AVR Aversive Case — The AVERSIVE case is marked by the Vc affix -oe. The AVERSIVE identifies a noun as a source or object of fear and/or avoidance.	out of fear of spiders; avoided the dog	terpa: x1 fears x2; x1 is afraid/scared/frightened by/fearful of x2 (event/tu'a object). Out of fear of; fi'o terpa or mu'i le nu terpa (not direct rinka).
✅	CPS Compositive Case — It identifies a formative as being the literal or figurative substance or component(s) of which another is made, composed, formed, built or comprised.	wall of bricks; statue of marble	gunma: x1 is a mass/team/aggregate/whole, together composed of components x2, considered jointly. · mixre: x1 (mass) is a mixture/blend/colloid/commingling with ingredients including x2. Composed of.
✅	COM Comitative Case — It identifies a formative that accompanies another, translatable as ‘(along) with’.	walked with a friend; sang along with the choir	kansa: x1 is with/accompanies/is a companion of x2, in state/condition/enterprise x3 (event/state). · jo'u (JOI): non-logical connective: in common with; along with (unmixed). Along with.
✅	LOC Locative Case — It identifies the location where something is situated or occurs; ‘at / in / on / by’.	at the store; in the room; on the table	zvati: x1 (object/event) is at/attending/present at x2 (event/location). · bu'u (FAhA3): location tense relation/direction; coincident with/at the same place as; space equivalent of ca. Static location; bu'u/zvati; PDF #53 · ACCESSOR:LOC §26.17.
✅	ALL Allative Case — It identifies the entity toward which another entity is moving/approaching, translating English ‘to/toward’.	walked toward the door; heading to Paris	fa'a (FAhA4): location tense relation/direction; arriving at/directly towards ... Motion toward; fa'a/klama; PDF #55 · pairs ALL spatial §26.3.
✅	ABL Ablative Case — It identifies the entity away from which another entity is moving/receding.	walked away from the city; fled from danger	to'o (FAhA4): location tense relation/direction; departing from/directly away from ... Motion away; to'o; PDF #56 · inverse of ALL.
✅	CNR Concursive Case — It identifies a “temporal locative” meaning ‘at or during the time of X’, i.e., the point or stretch in time at or during which an entity or an act/event exists or occurs.	during the war; at noon; in the 1990s	ca (PU): time tense relation/direction: is [selbri]; during/simultaneous with [sumti]; present tense. · de'i (BAI): detri modal, 1st place: on date/dated ... ; attaches date and/or time. At/during time; ca/de'i; PDF #61 · stack with CVS+CNR §26.17.
✅	VOC Vocative Case — It identifies a noun being used in direct address.	O John!; Hey, Mary!	doi (DOI): generic vocative marker; identifies intended listener; elidable after COI. · COI Direct address; doi; PDF #52 · ACCESSOR:VOC §26.17.
✅	ATT Attributive Case — The ATTRIBUTIVE case is marked by the Vc affix -eu in formative Slot IX.	poem characterized as love-song	ckaji: x1 is characterized/typified/aspects of x2 by property x3 (ka). · po'e (GOI): inalienable possession/attribute. Inalienable affective attribute (child's grief); GOI po'e for possessed attribute.
✅💡	ITP Interpretative Case — The INTERPRETATIVE case is marked by the Vc affix -ou in Formative Slot IX.	interpreted as a threat	sinxa: x1 is a sign/symbol/signal representing x2 to observer x3. · la'e (LAhE): the referent of ... Interpretive reading (as a threat); la'e for chosen interpretation.
✅	OGN Originative Case — The ORIGINATIVE case is marked by the Vc affix -oi in formative Slot IX.	origin of the custom	krasi: x1 (event/state) originates/starts/commences/initiates from x2. · fanva (BAI): from origin ... Origin/source of custom/idea; BAI fanva.
✅💡	IDP Interdependent Case — The INTERDEPENDENT case is marked by the Vc affix -iu in formative Slot IX. The INTERDEPENDENT identifies a noun which has a coordinated, tandem, complementary or mutually dependent relationship with …	lock and key; husband and wife tandem	simxu: x1 (set) has members who mutually/reciprocally x2 (event). · jicmu: x1 is interdependent with x2 in aspect x3. Lock/key tandem pair; jicmu for complementary interdependence.
✅	PAR Partitive Case — It indicates a quantitative or content-to-container relationship between the two nouns, e.g., a cup of coffee, a box(ful) of books, a train(load) of refugees.	a cup of coffee; box of books	cu'u (BAI): cuxna modal, chosen from ... · content-to-container with inner quantifier Partitive cup of coffee; often lo/le + inner quantifier.
✅💡	APL Applicative Case — The APPLICATIVE case is marked by the Vc affix -ia (or -uä if immediately preceded by -y-) in formative Slot IX. The APPLICATIVE identifies a noun which represents the purpose for which another noun i…	using X for this purpose now	pilno: x1 uses/employs x2 for purpose x3. · se jicmu: x1 is useful for purpose x2. Temporary use-purpose now; fi'o pilno on applicand. No dedicated BAI.
💡	DFR Deferential Case — The DEFERENTIAL case is marked by the VC affix -iö (or -üë if immediately preceded by -y-) in formative Slot IX. The DEFERENTIAL translates the English phrases ‘out of respect for,’ ‘for the sake of,’…	out of respect for the elder	respa (experimental): x1 shows deference/respect to x2 Out of respect for; experimental respa.
✅💡	CRS Contrastive Case — The CONTRASTIVE case is marked by the Vc affix -eë in formative Slot IX. The CONTRASTIVE identifies a noun which has been replaced by another or for which another noun has been substituted.	replaced sugar with honey	binxo: x1 becomes/changes into x2. · binra: x1 replaces/substitutes for x2. Replaced X with Y; contrastive substitution.
✅💡	TSP Transpositive Case — The TRANSPOSITIVE case is marked by the Vc affix -uö (or -öë if immediately preceded by -w-) in formative Slot IX. The TRANSPOSITIVE implies substitution of one noun for another.	substituted honey for sugar	binra: x1 replaces/substitutes for x2. · binxo: becomes X in place of Y. Substitution-for (honey for sugar).
✅	CLA Classificative Case — The CLASSIFICATIVE case is marked by the Vc affix -eo. The CLASSIFICATIVE identifies a noun as a basis for arranging, sorting, classifying, or counting, translating various English prepositions and ph…	sorted by color; counted by the dozen	klesi: x1 is a class/category/subgroup within x2 defined by property x3 (ka). Basis for sorting/counting (by color).
✅💡	CSM Consumptive Case — The CONSUMPTIVE case is marked by the Vc affix -oë. The CONSUMPTIVE identifies the resource consumed or used (up) as a result of, or as a concurrent part of a process.	fuel consumed by the engine	xaksu: x1 is used up/consumed by process x2. · pinxe/citka consumed x2 Resource consumed by process.
✅💡	CVS Conversive Case — The CONVERSIVE case is marked by the Vc affix -öa. The CONVERSIVE is used in conjunction with hypothetical or potential contexts to identify a hypothetical exception to a potential outcome or an actua…	except that it rained, we would have gone	da'i (UI3): supposing - in fact. · se: except for ... Hypothetical exception altering outcome.
✅💡	SIT Situative Case — The SITUATIVE case is marked by the Vc affix -oa. The SITUATIVE identifies a noun as the background context for a clause without implying a direct causative relationship between the background context…	against the backdrop of war…	srana: x1 matters/is important to x2. · mu'i (BAI): because of motive ... Background context without direct causation; not rinka.
✅	PRN Pertinential Case — It identifies a formative functioning as the general referent of the verb, translating such English terms as ‘about,’ ‘regarding,’ ‘concerning,’ ‘in regard to,’ ‘in reference to,’ ‘pertaining to,’ or …	a song of love; talk about clowns	se skicu · se casnu · about/regarding x2 About/concerning; bridi conversion on skicu/casnu.
✅	DSP Descriptive Case — It identifies a formative as describing another formative in an adjectival manner, translatable as ‘characterized/describable as being like’, ‘characterized/describable as having the quality/qualities…	characterizable as clown-like	ckaji: x1 is characterized by property x3 (ka) of x2. · simsa: x1 is similar to x2. Adjectival description of another noun.
✅💡	COR Correlative Case — It indicates an abstract general relationship, association, or conjunction between one formative and another, including subjective, contextual, metaphorical, or symbolic associations.	symbolic link between concepts	srana: abstract association · sinxa: symbolic link · joi: non-logical connective Subjective/symbolic association between entities.
✅💡	UTL Utilitative Case — It identifies a formative in the process of being used while some other activity or state is in progress.	reading-while-walking behavior	pilno: x1 uses x2 while x3 occurs. · ca'o (BAI): while ongoing X in use while another activity proceeds.
✅💡	PRD Predicative Case — It identifies the non-causal basis, foundation, sustenance (literally or figuratively), or required existential condition for another noun or clause, translatable by the phrases ‘based (up)on,’ ‘depen…	laws based in reason; relying on charity	nuncni: x1 (du'u) is a premise underlying argument x2. · jicmu: interdependent basis. Non-causal foundation/sustenance (based on reason).
✅	RLT Relative Case — It identifies a formative as constituting a relative clause associated with the preceding formative (or whatever formative is indicated by the DCD affix see the [Affixes document] as being the head of…	the book that I read	noi/poi: relative clause head · goi: sumti link to antecedent Relative-clause modifier; head via DCD §26.1.
✅	ACT Activative Case — It identifies the EXPERIENCER of a modal state, such as obligation, necessity, desire, hope, expectation, wishing, being able to, etc. functioning as the “subject” of a modal(ized) verb governing a hy…	Mr. Jones is obligated to pay	bilga: x1 is obligated to do x2. · ei (UI): obligation - permission. Modal experiencer (who wants/needs/expects); x1 of modal bridi.
✅	ASI Assimilative Case — It identifies a formative used as a context for analogy or metaphorical comparison to another formative; translatable as ‘as/like’ meaning ‘as if (it were) X’ in the sense of comparison or analogy bet…	sings like a bird; treat her as a princess	simsa: x1 is similar to x2 in property x3. · mu'a: for example As/like analogy (sings like a bird).
✅	ESS Essive Case — It identifies the role or name by which an entity is known or contextually identified.	known as Emily; in role of captain	cmene: x1 is a name of x2. · role tag with jai or se jabna Role/name capacity (known as Emily).
✅	TRM Terminative Case — It identifies a formative as being the goal of an act/event, e.g., We seek a new planet; a desire to see his homeland; an academy for (making) champions.	seek a new planet; desire to see homeland	klama: x1 goes to destination x2. · tcica: x1 tempts/lures x2 into x3. Goal/terminus of seeking/desire.
✅	SEL Selective Case — It identifies a contextually recurring time-period, as well as a string of recurring entities, e.g., I visit him every three days; Each year, I travel to the Clown Planet; *He works __nigh…	every three days; on Sundays; every third book	di'i: x1 is regularly done at interval x2. · ro: each/every Recurring period or every nth entity.
✅💡	CFM Conformative Case — It identifies the entity pursuant to which, as per which, or in conformance with which, another entity is, or an act/event occurs.	pursuant to the rules	marde: x1 is a standard/rule for x2. · ca'i: with intent/conformance Pursuant to / in conformance with X.
💡	DEP Dependent Case — It identifies a formative as being the basis of a dependency phrase on which another formative or phrase acts as the contingency, translatable as ‘...if the circumstances regarding X are such to allow…	…if circumstances regarding X warrant it	ganbi (experimental): ... if ... · va'o (BAI): event under conditions x2 Contingency on X; va'o le nu … + DPC §26.13 for dependency type.
✅💡	ATD Attendant Case — The ATTENDANT case is marked by the Vc affix -ie’ (realized as -i’e) in formative Slot IX. It functions as a variant of the LOCATIVE case, to indicate in whose presence something occurs/takes place/is…	in the king's presence	zvati: x1 is at x2 · fa'o (KI) presence In X's presence as witness; fa'o/ki'u or fi'o zvati with witness sumti.
✅💡	ORI Orientative Case — It identifies the entity (often a body part or sub-component) which serves as the “face” or surface or “front” or “head” of an entity in terms of external communication or interaction, or which serves…	turned his face toward the door	crane: x1 is front/forward part of x2. · fa'a (FAhA): toward ... Face/front orientation for interaction or motion.
✅	IRL Interrelative Case — It identifies the directional/temporal orientation or position of an entity relative to another, i.e., a noun relative to whose position in space or time another noun is being described for purposes o…	west of the house; relative to my arrival	ni'a/ni'e/ni'i/ni'o/ni'u (FAhA) · ca: time relative to Spatial/temporal orientation relative to landmark.
✅💡	INV Intrative Case — It identifies a formative as being the spatio-temporal boundary point of a span or volume of space or a period of time, i.e, either the starting point or the ending point of a span of time or space.	from Monday to Friday; start/end of corridor	klama: boundary endpoint · pu/ba: start/end of span · co'a/co'u: onset/cessation Start or end point of space/time span.
✅	NAV Navigative Case — It identifies the entity whose literal or metaphorically inferred long axis serves as the direction of another entity’s path, course, arc, or trajectory of translative motion.	along the river; down the road	fa'a (FAhA): along direction · ma'u/ni'a: along long axis Path along entity's long axis (river, road).
✅	ASS Assessive Case — It identifies the increment of space or time or unit by which a contextual ratio of measurement is created, e.g., He charges by the minute; It travels at 90 kilometers per hour; *He earns …	90 km per hour; $25 per book	ra'i: for sake of - despite · mekso per-unit rate with / Ratio increment (per hour, per book).
✅💡	PER Periodic Case — It identifies the span of time / time frame at some point(s) during which, separate events, repetitions, or durationally segmented acts or states take place.	during the week; over the decade events occurred	ca/ze'u/pu–ba: span during which events occur Time frame containing separate events; ca le / ze'u le, not ZAhO pu'o/ba'o.
✅	PRO Prolapsive Case — It identifies the duration of an act, condition, or event, i.e., how long it takes or lasts, e.g., He prayed through lunch, It rained all night, *It took three days for the fever to br…	prayed through lunch; sang for an hour	ze'u: x1 is a duration of x2 · ca'o: ongoing throughout duration Duration/how long (through lunch, for an hour).
✅	PCV Precursive Case — It identifies an entity acting as a point in time prior to which an act, condition, or event occurs, e.g., this city before the war, a presentation preceding the banquet.	this city before the war	pu: before [sumti] · pu'o le nu …: before onset of event (ZAhO tcita) Calendar point before which; primary pu. pu'o le nu when reference is event onset (CLL §10.12).
✅	PCR Postcursive Case — It identifies an entity acting as a point in time after which, following which, subsequent to which, an act, state, or event occurs, e.g., this city after the war, *a presentation __following th…	after the war; since I danced	ba: after [sumti] · ba'o le nu …: in aftermath of event (ZAhO tcita) Calendar point after which; primary ba. ba'o le nu for in-aftermath-of reference event.
✅💡	ELP Elapsive Case — It identifies the amount of time that has passed or is expected to pass between the contextual present and the time of the act, condition, or event being spoken of.	three days ago; two years from now	ze'u: elapsed interval from present · pu/ba + time distance Elapsed time from contextual now (three days ago).
✅💡	PLM Prolimitive Case — It identifies the spatio-temporal boundary point of a span of time or space during which or within which something is expected to or must occur or be situated.	must occur by Friday; within the corridor	ba: by deadline · pu: before boundary · within span Must occur by / within boundary; ba le deadline, pu le before boundary — not pu'o.

21. Case-Scope

Six case-scope values in Slot VIII Cn on nominal/framed formatives (default CCN = -h-). External bundle MCS (§26.7) encodes mood + case-scope on verbs: deg 6–9 = CCA/CCS/CCQ/CCV, deg 0 = CCV; see §27.

Lojban case-scope mini-paradigm (nominal Cn / appositive pairs):

Ithkuil pattern	Cn	Lojban gloss
POS + GEN (alienable + inalienable on same head)	CCP + CCV	le pe mi cukta po'e le mi pencu — first case scopes forward, second backward
ATT + COR attribute + association	CCP + CCV	le po'e cinfu be fi le datka · le datka poi srana ke'a
CCA head governs clause	CCA	le datka noi … — head noi/goi sets case frame for unmarked nouns
Framed verb in case-frame	CCN on frame	lo nu lo datka cu badri ke'a — inner nouns take case from framed RLT head

Status	Ithkuil	Ithkuil examples	Lojban
✅	CCN Natural case-scope — X’s case is governed by the formative marked Cn = -hl-/-hw-; if none, X associates with the main verb (or framed verb in a case-frame).	default scope; appositive pair: first=CCP, second=CCV	— default bridi place assignment Default; appositive/relational adjacent pairs auto CCP/CCV per cases.md §4.10. MCS deg 0 = CCV on verbs.
✅	CCA Antecedent case-scope — X is the head whose case governs all Cn-unmarked nouns in the clause (or nouns marked Cn = -h- or -w-/-y-).	head noun governs all unmarked cases in clause	noi/goi head · la topic head governs clause Clause case governor; unmarked nouns take case from this head.
✅💡	CCS Subaltern case-scope — X is the formative to which formatives marked Cn = -hm-/-hmw- are associated.	subordinate cases link to this formative	fi'o association · tagged subordinate sumti to -hm- target Target of -hm-/-hmw- associated formatives.
✅💡	CCQ Qualifier case-scope — X is associated by noun-case to the formative marked Cn = -hr-/-hrw-.	qualifier case links to -hr- formative	fi'o nested qualifier · case linked to -hr- head Case qualification relative to -hr-/-hrw- marker.
✅	CCP Precedent case-scope — X’s noun-case associates only with the immediately following formative.	case applies only to next word/formative	fa'u/se tight scope · next-sumti only One-formative forward scope; default for first appositive in pair.
✅	CCV Successive case-scope — X’s noun-case associates only with the immediately preceding formative.	case applies only to previous word/formative	se/goi backward scope · previous-sumti only One-formative backward scope; default for second appositive in pair.

22. Bias (61 values)

Sixty-one bias suffixes in optional Slot XIII CB (or standalone bias adjuncts). Map to Lojban UI attitudinals / discursives prefixed to bridi or as .ui parenthetical. Full set from adjuncts.md §3.6 — 61/61 rows below.

Bias UI quick-map (Slot XIII CB → pre-bridi attitudinal):

UI	Sample biases
ui	APB, DLC, EUH, FSC, GRT, SAT, FOR
oi	CTP, DPB, DIS, EXA, IDG, RPU, VEX, CRP, DOL
ue	ACC, ANN, ATE, COI, FSC, RAC, RVL, STU, PPX
u'u	DEJ, DES, DFD, RSG
ii	APH, DCC, TRP
zo'o	CMD, DRS, IRO, SKP
e'i/e'o	EXG, IPT, MAN, SGS, SOL
ga'i	ARB, ISP, PES, PSC
ju'u/si'a	CNV, CRR, EUP, IPL, PSM, RFL
da'i	PPV
pe'i/se'o	DUB, RFL
cai	ACH, IFT, OPT, CNV

Bias mini-paradigm (same bridi: .i lo pa'u datka cu zvati le dinju):

Bias	Lojban prefix
APB	.ui — That's OK / good
CTP	.oi — What nonsense!
APH	.ii — Bad feeling about this…
CMD	.zo'o — Funny! LOL
DUB	.pe'i — I doubt it / sounds fishy
EXG	.e'i — It's now or never!
CNV	.ju'u cai — I told you so!
PPV	.da'i — What if… / Consider this

Bias index (A–Z, 61 codes): ACC ACH ADS ANN ANP APB APH ARB ATE CMD CNV COI CRP CRR CTP CTV DCC DEJ DES DFD DIS DLC DOL DPB DRS DUB EUH EUP EXA EXG FOR FSC GRT IDG IFT IPL IPT IRO ISP IVD MAN MNF OPT PES PPT PPX PPV PSC PSM RAC RFL RSG RPU RVL SAT SGS SKP SOL STU TRP VEX

Status	Ithkuil	Ithkuil examples	Lojban
✅	ACC Accidental Bias — As luck would have it... / Fate has decided that... / What luck!	As luck would have it, we won!	ue surprise/luck Slot XIII CB or bias adjunct; prefix ue (surprise/luck).
✅💡	ACH Archetypal Bias — what (a) ...!; how . . .! ; Boy! Did (does) X ever …	Boy, did he ever run!	ue · cai emphasis ue + cai archetypal emphasis; interjection before bridi.
💡	ADS Admissive Bias — Mm-hm / Uh-huh (said as mere acknowledgement of a statement without any implied agreement with or assent to the statemen…	Mm-hm (acknowledgement only)	je'e acknowledgement Acknowledgement-only; je'e (experimental UI).
✅💡	ANN Annunciative Bias — Guess what! or Wait till you hear this!	Guess what! Wait till you hear this!	ue · oi Announcing news; ue · oi before reveal.
✅	ANP Anticipative Bias — Iʼm looking foward to this!	I'm looking forward to this!	a'o forward-looking Forward-looking; a'o attitudinal.
✅	APB Approbative Bias — (That’s) OK / (That’s) alright / (That’s) good.	That's OK / That's good.	ui approval Approval; ui attitudinal.
✅	APH Apprehensive Bias — Iʼm worried... / I’ve got a bad feeling about this...	I've got a bad feeling about this…	ii apprehension Apprehension; ii attitudinal.
✅💡	ARB Arbitrary Bias — ..Yeah, whatever... / ...Ah, what the hell, Iʼm going ahead and....	Yeah, whatever… Ah, what the hell.	ga'i · oi dismissive shrug Dismissive shrug; ga'i · oi.
✅	ATE Attentive Bias — Well, whaddya know... / Well, will you look at that...! / Well, go figure...	Well, whaddya know…!	ue · discovery Discovery/attention; ue attitudinal.
✅	CMD Comedic Bias — Funny! / LOL.	Funny! LOL.	zo'o humor Humor; zo'o attitudinal.
✅💡	CNV Contensive Bias — Iʼm telling you... / I told you so! / You see?!	I told you so! You see?!	ju'u · cai I told you so; ju'u · cai.
✅	COI Coincidental Bias — What a coincidence!	What a coincidence!	ue coincidence Coincidence; ue attitudinal.
✅💡	CRP Corruptive Bias — How corrupt! / What corruption!	How corrupt! What corruption!	oi · moral outrage Moral outrage; oi attitudinal.
✅💡	CRR Corrective Bias — that is to say…, / What I mean(t) to say is… / I mean….	I mean… / What I meant to say is…	si'a corrective Self-correction; si'a discursive.
✅	CTP Contemptive Bias — What nonsense! or What bullshit!	What nonsense! What bullshit!	oi contempt Contempt; oi attitudinal.
✅💡	CTV Contemplative Bias — I wonder how…, / that’s odd…, / I don’t get it…, or a quizzical hmmmm.	I wonder how… / that's odd…	ue quizzical Quizzical; ue attitudinal.
✅	DCC Disconcertive Bias — Iʼm not sure about this. / I don’t feel comfortable about this. / Iʼm feeling out of my element here.	I don't feel comfortable about this.	ii discomfort Discomfort; ii attitudinal.
✅	DEJ Dejective Bias — (sigh) [of dejection / disillusionment].	(sigh) of dejection	u'u dejection Dejection; u'u attitudinal.
✅	DES Desperative Bias — I don’t know how to say this, but… / Iʼm afraid that…. / Iʼm sorry to have to tell you, but...	I'm afraid that… / I'm sorry to tell you…	u'u · oi Bad news delivery; u'u · oi.
✅	DFD Diffident Bias — sorry, but… / It’s nothing. It’s just…	Sorry, but… It's nothing.	u'u diffident Diffident apology; u'u attitudinal.
✅	DIS Dismissive Bias — Is that it? / Big deal! / So what!?	So what!? Big deal!	oi dismissive Dismissive; oi attitudinal.
✅	DLC Delectative Bias — Whee!	Whee!	ui delight Delight; ui attitudinal.
✅	DOL Dolorous Bias — Ow! / Ouch!	Ow! Ouch!	oi pain Pain cry; oi attitudinal (Ow/Ouch).
✅	DPB Disapprobative Bias — I dont like the fact that… / It bothers me that…. / Unacceptable!	Unacceptable! It bothers me that…	oi disapproval Disapproval; oi attitudinal.
✅💡	DRS Derisive Bias — How foolish! / How silly! / Look at how foolish.	How foolish! How silly!	zo'o derision Derision; zo'o attitudinal.
✅💡	DUB Dubitative Bias — Hmm, not likely. / I doubt it. / Sounds fishy to me.	I doubt it. Sounds fishy.	se'o dubitative Doubt; se'o/pe'i attitudinal.
✅	EUH Euphoric Bias — (Sigh) What bliss!	(Sigh) What bliss!	ui bliss Bliss; ui attitudinal.
💡	EUP Euphemistic Bias — Let’s just say that…. or Well, let me put it this way….	Let's just say that…	ju'u euphemism Euphemistic hedge; ju'u discursive.
✅	EXA Exasperative Bias — Dammit! / Look, don’t you get it?… / Look, Iʼm trying to tell you….	Dammit! Don't you get it?	oi exasperation Exasperation; oi attitudinal.
✅💡	EXG Exigent Bias — It’s now or never!	It's now or never!	e'i urgency Urgency; e'i attitudinal.
✅💡	FOR Fortuitous Bias — It’s just as well that... or All’s well that ends well...	All's well that ends well.	ui fortuitous relief Fortuitous relief; ui attitudinal.
✅	FSC Fascinative Bias — Cool! / Wow! / Awesome!	Cool! Wow! Awesome!	ui · ue awe Awe/cool; ui · ue.
✅	GRT Gratificative Bias — Ah! What bliss...! / Oh, there’s nothing like…. [physical pleasure only].	Ah! What bliss… [physical]	ui physical pleasure Physical pleasure; ui attitudinal.
✅	IDG Indignative Bias — The nerve! or How dare…!?	The nerve! How dare…!?	oi indignation Indignation; oi attitudinal.
✅💡	IFT Infatuative Bias — Praise be to...! / Oh, thank God for...! / There’s nothing more sacred.	Praise be to…! Thank God for…!	ui · cai reverence Reverent praise; ui · cai.
✅💡	IPL Implicative Bias — of course, / after all, / needless to say.	Of course… needless to say.	ju'u · ca'e Of course; ju'u · ca'e.
✅	IPT Impatient Bias — Cʼmon!, / What’re you waiting for? / so…already! as in the sentence So dance already!	C'mon! What're you waiting for?	e'i impatience Impatience; e'i attitudinal.
✅	IRO Ironic Bias — Oh, nice! / Just great! / Well, now, isn’t this lovely!	Oh, nice! Just great!	zo'o irony Irony; zo'o attitudinal.
✅💡	ISP Insipid Bias — Meh... (said due to lack of interest) / How boring / tedious.	Meh… How boring.	ga'i boredom Boredom; ga'i attitudinal.
💡	IVD Invidious Bias — Why does he / she / they get to... and I don’t?!	Why does he get to… and I don't?!	oi envy Envy/invidious; oi attitudinal.
✅💡	MAN Mandatory Bias — take it or leave it, / this is your last chance,.	Take it or leave it — last chance.	e'i · ca'e Mandatory ultimatum; e'i · ca'e.
✅💡	MNF Manifestive Bias — Ah! / Well, now! / So! [Italian Allora!].	Ah! Well, now! So!	ue manifestive Manifestive interjection; ue attitudinal.
✅💡	OPT Optimal Bias — prolonged so or totally as in I so don’t care! or That is totally not what I meant.	I so don't care! Totally not what I meant.	cai intensifier Intensifier so/totally; cai attitudinal.
✅💡	PES Pessimistic Bias — Yeah, like it really matters that... / Pfft! What’s it to me?	Yeah, like it really matters… Pfft!	ga'i pessimism Pessimistic shrug; ga'i attitudinal.
✅💡	PPT Propitious Bias — it’s a wonder that as in It’s a wonder he didn’t break a bone in that fall.	It's a wonder he didn't break a bone.	ue propitious wonder Propitious wonder; ue attitudinal.
✅💡	PPX Perplexive Bias — Huh? What do you mean…? What the hell? WTF!? / You gotta be kidding me!	Huh? WTF!? You gotta be kidding!	ue perplexity Perplexity; ue attitudinal.
✅	PPV Propositive Bias — what if… / It could be that…. / Consider this: …	What if… / Consider this: …	da'i propositive What-if; da'i discursive.
✅💡	PSC Prosaic Bias — Meh... (said in disappointment) / How ordinary!	Meh… How ordinary!	ga'i disappointment Disappointed meh; ga'i attitudinal.
✅💡	PSM Presumptive Bias — It can only mean one thing…, / and that’s that! / and that’s all there is to it! or There’s no two ways about it,….	It can only mean one thing… and that's that!	ca'e presumption Presumption; ca'e attitudinal.
✅	RAC Reactive Bias — My goodness! Wow! / Amazing!	My goodness! Wow! Amazing!	ue reactive amazement Reactive amazement; ue attitudinal.
✅	RFL Reflective Bias — Look at it this way… / As I see it,… / In my opinion…	As I see it… / In my opinion…	pe'i reflective In my opinion; pe'i attitudinal.
✅💡	RSG Resignative Bias — So much for...! / There goes...!	So much for…! There goes…!	u'u resignation Resignation; u'u attitudinal.
✅	RPU Repulsive Bias — Yuck! Ew! How gross!	Yuck! Ew! How gross!	oi repulsion Disgust; oi attitudinal.
✅💡	RVL Revelative Bias — No wonder…! or So that’s why…! / A-ha!…. / Well, well, well!….	No wonder…! A-ha! So that's why…!	ue revelation Revelation; ue attitudinal.
✅	SAT Satiative Bias — How satisfying...! / At last, the pleasue of knowing / being.	How satisfying…! At last!	ui satisfaction Satisfaction; ui attitudinal.
✅	SGS Suggestive Bias — How about... / We could... / Might I suggest...	How about… / Might I suggest…	e'u suggestion Suggestion; e'u attitudinal.
✅	SKP Skeptical Bias — Yeah, right! / Oh, sure! Like anyone’s supposed to believe that!	Yeah, right! Oh, sure!	zo'o skepticism Skepticism; zo'o attitudinal.
✅	SOL Solicitative Bias — please.	please.	e'o solicitous Please; e'o attitudinal.
✅💡	STU Stupefactive Bias — Woah! / Holy, bejeezus! / What the...!	Woah! Holy bejeezus!	ue stupefaction Stupefaction; ue attitudinal.
✅	TRP Trepidative Bias — Oh, God… / Oh, no!…. / Oh, dear! [fear-based].	Oh, no!… Oh, dear! [fear]	ii trepidation Fear-based; ii attitudinal.
✅	VEX Vexative Bias — How annoying! / What a bother! / What a pain!	How annoying! What a pain!	oi vexation Vexation; oi attitudinal.

23. Register

Register mini-paradigm (clown quote in narrative):

Register	Carrier	Lojban gloss
NRR	(default)	.i lo pa'u datka cu klama — plain narrative
DSV	direct speech	.i lu mi cliva li'u cu se skicu — He said, "I'm leaving."
PNT	parenthetical	.i to lo mlatu cu cliva toi lo pa'u datka cu klama — (cat escaped) the clown went
EXM	exemplificative	.i mu'a lo sinxa be lo pa'u datka cu xamgu — for example, a clown costume
COG	cogitant	.i pensi'u mi ba cliva — (I thought, I'll leave)
END	carrier-end	closes hla/la'o foreign-name or carrier-governed span

Cross-ref §26.13 AVP/HG1 for linguistic hedges inside narrative register.

Status	Ithkuil	Ithkuil examples	Lojban
✅	NRR Narrative — default register.	plain narrative clause; default storytelling	— Default narrative.
✅	DSV Discursive — direct speech.	He said, "I'm leaving."	lu (LU): start grammatical quotation; quoted text should be grammatical on its own. Direct speech lu…li'u; exp. cu'ei*.
✅	PNT Parenthetical — parenthetical aside.	(by the way, the cat escaped)	to (TO): left parenthesis; start of parenthetical note which must be grammatical Lojban text. to…toi parenthetical.
✅	SPF Specificative — Indicates the proper name of the immediately preceding referent. If not a proper name, use PNT instead.	John (proper name of preceding referent)	la (LA): name descriptor: the one(s) called ... ; takes name or selbri description. · me'e (BAI): cmene modal, 1st place (requires quote) with name ...; so-called ... Proper name.
✅	EXM Exemplificative — for example, ...	for example, a clown costume	mu'a (UI3): discursive: for example - omitting - end examples. For example.
💡	COG Cogitant — silent/subjective thoughts.	(I thought, why not?)	†pensi'u: UI3: marks inner speech/thought Cogitant/inner speech UI3.
✅	END Carrier-End — end of term/phrase governed by carrier stem/adjunct.	end of hla-governed foreign name phrase	la'o (ZOI): delimited non-Lojban name; the resulting quote sumti is treated as a name. Carrier-end / foreign phrase end.

24. Referentials (personal adjuncts)

Bundled person + case + effect (+ gender) adjuncts following the verb.

Lojban referential mini-paradigm:

Referential	Ithkuil bundle	Lojban gloss
1m/ben-erg	I beneficially as agent	mi seva'u gasnu (benefit to self as agent)
2m/det-ind	you detrimentally self-act	do xlali sevzi do
3p/ben-erg	they beneficially agent	re da seva'u gasnu · goi ko'a
1m/ben-erg + ABS	I hit them (beneficial to me)	mi seva'u darxi lo ko'a
Rdp-IND	relative-head self role	poi ke'a sevzi ke'a · FA tag on ke'a

Status	Ithkuil	Ithkuil examples	Lojban
✅	1m First-person monadic referential	1m-ind I act on myself	mi (KOhA): I/me/mine; speaker. Default 1st person sumti.
✅	2m Second-person monadic referential	2m-ind you act on yourself	do (KOhA): you/your; listener. Default 2nd person.
✅	ma First-person inclusive/dual referential	ma/ben-ind we (incl.) beneficially	mi'o (KOhA): we/us/mi/ma, includes listener. Inclusive we.
✅	pa First-person exclusive/plural referential	pa+1m/ben/ind we (excl.) + 1m	mi'a (KOhA): we/us/mi/ma, excludes listener. Exclusive we.
✅	3m / 3p Third-person referential	3p/ben-erg they as agent, beneficial	da/ko'a/ra + plural re/mu Use pro-sumti + plurality.
✅💡	Rdp- Reduplicative referential	Rdp-IND head of relative clause role	goi la'edi'u · FA tag on repeated sumti Disambiguates semantic role of relative head.
✅	/ben Beneficial effect on party	1m/ben-erg I beneficially as agent	seva'u · xamgu modal on bridi Effect bundled in referential; Lojban UI/modals.
✅	/det Detrimental effect on party	2m/det-ind you detrimentally as patient	xlali modal · oi attitudinal Detrimental effect on referential party; xlali modal or oi.
✅	/neu Neutral effect	2m/neu-ind neutral benefit/harm	— default bridi No effect marker needed.
✅	-ind Inducive case in referential	agent=patient self-action	sevzi · mi/do in x1=x2 roles Self-action bundle.
✅	-erg Ergative case in referential	agent of transitive	x1 agent place Standard agent tagging.
✅	-act Activative in referential	modal experiencer subject	bilga · ei modal Obligation/desire experiencer.
✅💡	Combination referential Multi-slot referential (C1+C2+…)	dual/combination party forms	fa'o/joi/e on sumti list Complex parties built from slots.

25. Adjuncts & suppletives

Adjunct placement conventions: Affixual adjuncts precede the formative they modify; scope vowel VS = stem only, CZ = stem+Ca, O = whole formative including Slot VIII–IX. Modular adjuncts duplicate one Slot VIII category + mood/CC when the formative's Slot VIII is already occupied. Bias adjunct = one §22 bias per clause (Slot XIII CB equivalent).

Adjunct scope mini-paradigm (same root datka, different scope):

Scope	Modifies	Ithkuil sketch	Lojban effect
VS	Slot III stem only	VAL+VS before -dat-	valence on root only; Ca/config unchanged
CZ	stem + Ca (VI)	PHS+CZ before -dat-mss-	phase on stem+config bundle
O	whole formative incl. VIII–IX	MCS+O before full verb	mood/case-scope over entire predicate + illocution

Status	Ithkuil	Ithkuil examples	Lojban
✅	Affixual adjunct External VxCs with scope vowel	ač / etra / usmú before formative	— Pre-formative VxCs chain; scope vowel VS/CZ/O: stem-only / stem+Ca / whole formative+Slot VIII–IX.
✅💡	Modular adjunct External Slot VIII categories	valence+mood without full consonants	— Mirrors Slot VIII: one of Valence/Aspect/Phase/Level/Effect + Mood/CC; see adjuncts.md §3.
✅	Register adjunct NRR/DSV/PNT/… carrier	discursive/parenthetical marking	lu · to · mu'a Seven register values §23; carrier stem governs following phrase until END.
💡	Mood/Case-Scope adjunct External mood or CC	hypothetical scope over formative	MCS §26.7 Alternative to Slot VIII Cn; bundles mood+aspect+CC on verbs.
✅	Bias adjunct Sentence-scope attitude (~61 biases)	ACC-style CV form adjacent to verb	UI1/UI3 cmavo One bias per clause; maps 1:1 to §22 rows; Slot XIII CB equivalent.
💡	Parsing adjunct (PSG) Disambiguation marker	clarifies formative boundaries	— Disambiguates concatenation/adjunct scope when multiple parse trees possible.
✅💡	CAR Carrier suppletive adjunct hl+Vc	hla / hloa before proper name	doi · la · case via fi'o Shortcut carrier for known foreign name/proper noun
✅	QUO Quotative suppletive hm+Vc	hma before quoted speech	lu … li'u in case-frame Embedded direct quote in case-frame
✅💡	NAM Naming suppletive hn+Vc	hna before name-as-name	me'e · cmene Refers to name itself, not bearer ("he said Emily")
💡	PHR Phrasal suppletive hň+Vc	hňa before gestalt phrase	†fraspe phrasal gestalt marker Lexicalized/hyphenated phrase as case participant

26. VxCs affix inventory (full)

~500 affixes from ithkuil.net affixes PDF v1.0.1.

VxCs conventions: Degrees 0–9 select the scalar step on the affix's PDF scale (degree 0 often = unmarked/default). Type-1 = entity/referent; Type-2 = designation/role; Type-3 = scopes only the immediately preceding VxCs (not the whole formative). Grammar bundles cross-linked in §27 (PHS, VAL, AP1–AP4, MCS, IVL, SNC, …).

§26 subsection index:

§	Domain	Rows (approx.)	Paradigm / quick-map
§26.0	VxCs mechanics (Slot V/VII, Types 1–3)	mechanics	Type 1/2/3 rules
§26.1	Deictic / demonstrative	~15	DCD/FAM/SIM/IDF
§26.2	Temporal / aspect bundles AP1–AP4	~40	AP1/ASQ/TME/SQT
§26.3	Spatial / positional / motion	~80	P/M/S quick-maps
§26.4	Quantifying / number	~22	XXn degree pattern
§26.5	Qualifying / comparison LVL/COS	~31	LVL/COS/SCL/XCL stack
§26.6	Adverbial / manner	~40	CAP/EFT/ITY/DIF/SCS
§26.7	Modality / emotion / EFE / MCS	~17	EFE/MCS/EMO/OBG
§26.8	Agency / transrelative expansion	~11	CNS/RSN/DLB/ENB
§26.9	Participant / gender / social	~15	GID/KIN/HRC/CLG
§26.10–§26.11	Bodily pose / instrument	~28	BOD/BY*/TDM
§26.12	Configurative (Ca adjuncts)	~19	DCF/MCF/SEP/DPR
§26.13	Discourse / IVL / VAL / NEG	~28	IVL/VAL/TPF/DPC/VWP
§26.14–§26.16	Sensory / math / connective	~69	VIS/BAO/COO paradigms
§26.17	Case-accessor / inverse / stack	~75	VX series Types 1–3
§26.18	Biological / cultural taxa	~47	AAA–AAW / TXN / GEO

Paradigm coverage: Every §26.1–§26.18 subsection includes a Lojban mini-paradigm or quick-map (see paradigm index above). Core Slot VIII/IX overflow bundles are cross-linked in §27.

§26 index: 26.0 mechanics · 26.1 deictic · 26.2 temporal · 26.3 spatial/motion · 26.4 quantifying · 26.5 qualifying · 26.6 adverbial · 26.7 modality · 26.8 agency · 26.9 participant · 26.10 bodily · 26.11 instrument · 26.12 configurative · 26.13 discourse · 26.14 sensory · 26.15 math · 26.16 connective · 26.17 case-accessors · 26.18 bio/cultural.

26.0 VxCs mechanics (Slot V / VII)

Status	Ithkuil	Ithkuil examples	Lojban
✅💡	ACCESSOR:n Case-accessor (68 cases) — VxCs -accessor:n- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	ACCESSOR:ERG1	fi'o + case 68 case-accessor series; Types 1/2/3 = entity/role/scoped-to-prior-VxCs. Full table §26.17.
✅💡	Case-stacking Relative-clause substitute — VxCs -case-stacking- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	RLT stack on -prn-	poi/noi alt. Stack second case on formative; substitutes case-frame. Order+TPF disambiguate. §26.17.
✅💡	NEG/4·DCD/4·DCD/5 Slot II Vv shortcuts — VxCs -neg/4·dcd/4·dcd/5- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	negation / deixis / rel. head	na · ti/ta Slot II Vv shortcuts when Slot I is zero/h/hw; scope = whole formative like last Slot VII affix.
✅	Slot VII Stem + Ca (VxCs) — VxCs -slot vii- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	-lim- after Ca	— Default VxCs placement after Ca; scopes stem+Ca unless Type-3 modifies prior affix only.
✅	Type 3 Modifies adjacent affix — VxCs -type 3- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	imagined-to-be-large	Scopes to prior VxCs Scopes immediately preceding VxCs only (not whole formative). See INVERSE.ACCESSOR:INS3 vs ACCESSOR:INS3.

26.1 Deictic & demonstrative

Lojban conventions (§26.1): Deictic adjuncts map to ti/ta/tu, da, or relative-clause head (DCD deg 5–9). Stack EXT, FAM, SIM for identity/familiarity/similarity.

Deictic mini-paradigm (clown in the toy store):

Affix	deg	Role	Lojban gloss
DCD	1	this X (speaker-proximal)	ti pa'u datka — this clown (here by me)
DCD	2	that X (addressee-proximal)	ta pa'u datka — that clown (there by you)
DCD	3	that X (remote)	tu pa'u datka — that clown (yonder)
DCD	5	relative-clause head	lo pa'u datka poi mi viska ke'a — the clown who I see (head)
FAM	1	alien/unknowable	lo cizra pa'u datka — strange unknown clown
FAM	9	intimately involved	lo pa'u datka pe mi — my familiar clown
SIM	1	opposite/different	lo pa'u datka co frica lo bajra — clown unlike grocer
SIM	9	exactly the same	lo pa'u datka co du lo bajra — same as grocer
IDF	1	any at random	da pa'u datka — some clown or other
IDF	9	particular known	lo pa'u datka poi mi djica — the particular clown I mean

Status	Ithkuil	Ithkuil examples	Lojban
💡	AFR Degree of Assumed Familiarity/Recognition — VxCs -afr- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 addressee does not know ref · 5 addressee knows ref · 9 speaker unwilling to elucidate	recognition assumption · sa'enai · go'i Assumed familiarity; addressee-unknown↔speaker-won't-elucidate; sa'enai/go'i.
✅	DCD Deictic Demonstratives — VxCs -dcd- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 this X (speaker) · 4 the known X · 5 relative-clause head	ti · ta · tu · relative head degrees 5–9 Deictic degrees 1–4 = ti/ta/tu; 5–9 = relative-clause head (DCD shortcut Slot II). §27.
✅💡	DX1 Deixis Categories — VxCs -dx1- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 yonder inaccessible · 5 here with us accessible · 9 yonder accessible	discourse cmavo §23–25 Extended deixis category; scattered/accessible yonder; discourse ti/ta/tu variants §23–25.
✅💡	DX2 Additional Deixis Categories — VxCs -dx2- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 scattered yonder inaccessible · 5 scattered about speaker+listener · 9 scattered yonder accessible	discourse cmavo §23–25 Extended deixis category; scattered/accessible yonder; discourse ti/ta/tu variants §23–25.
💡	EXT Exactness/Comparability of Identity / Identity As a Standard — VxCs -ext- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 not comparable to X · 5 such a manner · 9 the exact X / exactly so	exactness · du'e · simxu Identity exactness; not-comparable↔exactly-so; du'e/simxu.
✅	FAM Degree Of Familiarity — VxCs -fam- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 alien/unknowable · 5 just becoming familiar · 9 intimately involved	slabu · cnino · selsau Familiarity degree; alien↔intimately involved; slabu/cnino/selsau.
💡	IDF Identificative — VxCs -idf- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 any X at random · 5 this or that [almost known] · 9 particular X [known to speaker]	indefinite · da · su'o · particular Identificative; any-at-random↔particular-known; da/su'o/specific.
✅	SIM Degree Of Similarity — VxCs -sim- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 opposite / as different as possible · 5 somewhat different · 9 exactly the same	simsa similarity Similarity to reference; opposite↔exactly same; simsa/du'e.

26.2 Sequential, temporal & aspect bundles

Lojban conventions (§26.2): Temporal adjuncts use PU/BA/ZAhO/TAhE/temci/de'i. Bundles AP1–AP4 mirror §15 aspects; ASQ = ZAhO span contour chain (pu'o/ca'o/ba'o, CLL §10.10). Perfective / point-event view → co'i (achievative), not ba'o. Do not use pu'o for simple future (PRS → ba) or past (RTR → pu).

Temporal/aspect adjunct mini-paradigm (clown running to the store):

Affix	deg	Ithkuil	Lojban gloss
AP1	1	RTR retrospective	lo pa'u datka pu bajra — clown ran (completed past)
AP1	2	PRS prospective	lo pa'u datka ba bajra — clown will run
AP1	5	PRG progressive	lo pa'u datka ca'o bajra — clown is running
AP1	6	IMM imminent	lo pa'u datka pu'o bajra — clown is about to run
ASQ	1	about to X (pu'o)	lo pa'u datka pu'o bajra — on verge of running
ASQ	5	in middle of X (ca'o)	lo pa'u datka ca'o bajra — while running
ASQ	9	in aftermath of X (ba'o)	lo pa'u datka ba'o bajra — in aftermath of running
SQT	1	the former	lo balvi pa'u datka — the former clown (prior referent)
SQT	5	current/at hand	lo cabna pa'u datka — the clown at hand
TME	1	too early	.oi clira — too early to leave
TME	5	just in time	.ui lo pa'u datka cu clira le ka klama — just in time
STT	5	this very moment	ca ku lo pa'u datka cu zvati — at this very moment

Status	Ithkuil	Ithkuil examples	Lojban
✅💡	AMD Ante-Meridiem Times of Day — VxCs -amd- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 just after midnight · 5 at sunrise · 9 around noon	temci · PU/TAhE/ZAhO Ante-meridiem time-of-day; midnight↔noon; tcika/pu.
💡	ANT Degree Of Anticipation — VxCs -ant- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 long-awaited · 5 await/wait for · 9 long-dreaded	anticipation · UI · ju'a eager Anticipation degree; long-awaited↔long-dreaded; UI/denpa.
✅💡	AP1 Aspects I — VxCs -ap1- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 RTR · 2 PRS · 3 HAB · 5 PRG · 6 IMM · 7 PCS	bundled aspect affixes → §15 Aspect bundle I; deg 1–9 = RTR…PCS per §15 index; adjunct when Slot VIII aspect slot taken.
✅💡	AP2 Aspects II — VxCs -ap2- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 RSM resumptive · 5 REG regulative · 9 IRP interruptive	bundled aspect affixes → §15 Aspect bundle II; deg 1–9 = RSM…IRP per §15.
✅💡	AP3 Aspects III — VxCs -ap3- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 PMP preemptive · 5 XPD expenditive · 9 PPR preparatory	bundled aspect affixes → §15 Aspect bundle III; deg 1–9 = PMP…PPR per §15.
✅💡	AP4 Aspects IV — VxCs -ap4- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 DCL disclusive · 5 TRD tardative · 9 SQN sequential	bundled aspect affixes → §15 Aspect bundle IV; deg 1–9 = DCL…SQN per §15.
✅	ASQ Aspectual Sequencing — VxCs -asq- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 about to X · 5 in middle of X-ing · 9 in aftermath of X-ing	pu'o · ca'o · ba'o (ZAhO) Aspectual sequencing; deg 1=pu'o on verge · deg 5=ca'o during · deg 9=ba'o aftermath (CLL §10.10).
💡	CYC Cyclic Recurrence — VxCs -cyc- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 every second · 5 every week · 9 every century	cyclic · diklo every · TAhE Short cyclic recurrence; every second↔century; TAhE/dikni.
💡	CYL Cyclic Recurrence [Long-Term] — VxCs -cyl- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 every millennium · 5 every epoch · 9 lifespan of universe	long cyclic · geological time Long cyclic recurrence; millennium↔universe lifespan; geological TAhE.
✅💡	DCV Degree Of Spatio-Temporal Divergence or Convergence — VxCs -dcv- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 opposite vectors · 5 parallel · 9 merged single vector	vector divergence · FAhA · klama direction Spatio-temporal vector divergence; opposite↔merged; FAhA/klama.
💡	DRC Degree of Directness/Frankness — VxCs -drc- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 too indirect · 5 balanced · 9 painfully straightforward	directness · krati · snada frank Directness/frankness of timing delivery; krati/snada.
✅💡	DTS Duration of Shift/Change/Transition — VxCs -dts- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 instantaneous shift · 5 normal transition · 9 imperceptibly gradual	temci · PU/TAhE/ZAhO Transition duration; instantaneous↔imperceptibly gradual; temci.
✅💡	EPC Epoch-Length Duration — VxCs -epc- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 several hundred thousand years · 5 an era · 9 lifespan of universe	temci · PU/TAhE/ZAhO Epoch-length duration; 100k years↔universe; geological temci.
✅💡	FRQ Degree Of Frequency — VxCs -frq- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 never · 5 frequently/often · 9 constantly/continuously	temci · PU/TAhE/ZAhO Frequency; never↔constantly; TAhE/di'i.
💡	ILT Iterations Per Long-Term — VxCs -ilt- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 X times per millennium · 5 X times per epoch · 9 X times within universe lifespan	iterations per eon · ni + long TAhE Iterations per long term; per millennium↔per universe; ni+TAhE.
✅💡	ITE Iterations Per Time-Period — VxCs -ite- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 X times per second · 5 X times per week · 9 X times per century	temci · PU/TAhE/ZAhO Iterations per period; per second↔per century; TAhE rate.
✅💡	LGD Long-Term Duration — VxCs -lgd- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 more than a century · 5 a millennium · 9 about 100 thousand years	temci · PU/TAhE/ZAhO Long-term duration; century↔100k years; ze'u/temci.
✅💡	LTD Life-Time Duration — VxCs -ltd- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 more than a year · 5 about a decade · 9 about a century	temci · PU/TAhE/ZAhO Lifetime-scale duration; year↔century; human temci.
✅💡	PMD Post-Meridiem Times of Day — VxCs -pmd- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 early afternoon · 5 at sunset · 9 around midnight	temci · PU/TAhE/ZAhO Post-meridiem time-of-day; afternoon↔midnight; tcika.
✅💡	RDT Redirection of X to Other Use(s) — VxCs -rdt- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 multiple uses involuntary · 5 purpose unknown · 9 multiple uses voluntary	redirected use · pi'o alternate · se pilno Redirected use over time; involuntary↔voluntary multi-use; pilno.
✅💡	ROC Result / Outcome / Consequences — VxCs -roc- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 effect on agent · 5 effect on THM · 9 resulting circumstances	temci · PU/TAhE/ZAhO Result/outcome locus; effect on agent↔circumstances; rinka.
✅💡	RPN Pattern of Spatio-Temporal Repetition or Distribution of Set Members — VxCs -rpn- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 slow regular repetition · 5 mid-paced regular · 9 fast regular	dikni · vitci · distribution pattern Repetition/distribution pattern; slow regular↔fast regular; dikni/vitci.
✅💡	RTI Relative Timeline Indicator — VxCs -rti- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 completed after-the-fact from speaker POV · 5 not at present but will again · 9 completed before contextual present	temci · PU/TAhE/ZAhO Relative timeline POV; after-the-fact↔before present; PU/BA frame.
✅💡	SEQ Numerical Sequence — VxCs -seq- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 first/initial · 5 middle/median · 9 last/final	ordinal sequence Ordinal sequence; first↔last; pamoi/rajymoi.
✅💡	SPT Specified Points in Calendrical Time — VxCs -spt- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 seconds of minute · 5 day of month · 9 century	temci · PU/TAhE/ZAhO Calendrical point; second-of-minute↔century; de'i/temci.
✅💡	SQC Sequence of Cause and Effect — VxCs -sqc- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 originating/initially · 5 awaited/waiting for · 9 eventual/finally	temci · PU/TAhE/ZAhO Cause-effect sequence; initially↔finally; cfari/fanmo.
✅💡	SQT Sequence Relative to Present Context — VxCs -sqt- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 the former · 5 current/at hand · 9 the latter	balvi · cabna · bapu Sequence vs present; former↔latter; balvi/cabna/bapu.
✅💡	ST2 Short-Term Time References 2 — VxCs -st2- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 next few days · 5 now (hours-long) · 9 past few days	temci · PU/TAhE/ZAhO Short-term window; next few days↔past few days; puzi/bazi.
💡	STG Stage, Step or Phase of a Process — VxCs -stg- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 onset/birth of X · 5 peak/mature stage · 9 cessation/finished	process stage · cfari/mulno/fanmo Process stage; onset↔cessation; cfari/mulno/fanmo.
✅💡	STS Spatio-Temporal Specification — VxCs -sts- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 spatial: before X · 5 spatio-temporal · 9 temporal: prior to X	temci · PU/TAhE/ZAhO Spatio-temporal spec; spatial-before↔temporal-prior; FAhA/PU.
✅💡	STT Short-Term Time References — VxCs -stt- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 more than an hour ago · 5 at this very moment · 9 more than an hour from now	temci · PU/TAhE/ZAhO Short-term reference; hour-ago↔hour-from-now; puzi/bazi.
✅💡	TD1 Temporary Duration 1 — VxCs -td1- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 momentary · 5 for a while · 9 eternal/everlasting	temci · PU/TAhE/ZAhO Temporary duration 1; momentary↔eternal; ze'i/ze'u.
✅💡	TD2 Temporary Duration 2 — VxCs -td2- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 1–2 days · 5 a month or two · 9 about a year	temci · PU/TAhE/ZAhO Temporary duration 2; days↔year; calendar span.
✅	TME Degree Of Timeliness — VxCs -tme- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 too early · 5 just in time · 9 too late	clira · lerci Timeliness; too early↔too late; clira/lerci.
✅💡	TPI Impact or Duration Over Time — VxCs -tpi- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 immediate/momentary · 5 for a little while · 9 all day long	temci · PU/TAhE/ZAhO Impact duration; momentary↔all-day; ze'i/ze'u.
✅💡	TPP Temporal Position Relative to Present — VxCs -tpp- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 remote past · 5 present/currently · 9 remote future	temci · PU/TAhE/ZAhO Temporal position; remote past↔remote future; PU/BA.
✅💡	TPR Temporal Placement/Reaction/Viewpoint — VxCs -tpr- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 wistful nostalgia · 5 now the moment is here · 9 someday with longing	temporal viewpoint · UI · ba'o/pu'o Temporal viewpoint emotion; nostalgia (past aftermath ba'o)↔anticipation (pu'o); UI attitudinal.
✅💡	UHN Uncountably High Number — VxCs -uhn- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 dozens · 5 thousands · 9 uncountably many	uncountable scale · so'u/so'i/so'o/so'a/so'u Uncountably high number scale; dozens↔uncountable; PA/so'a.
✅💡	UST Ultra-Short-Term Temporal Scale — VxCs -ust- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 yoctosecond scale · 5 picosecond scale · 9 second scale	temci · PU/TAhE/ZAhO Ultra-short temci scale; yoctoseconds↔seconds; subsecond temci.
💡	VTS Variability of Shift/Change/Transition — VxCs -vts- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 highly variable/chaotic transition · 5 normal smoothness · 9 imperceptibly smooth	transition variability · cunso Transition variability; chaotic↔imperceptibly smooth; cunso.
💡	X10 [ten] — VxCs -x10- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 10th by order · 5 ten members · 9 ten hierarchical tiers	PA 10 · decimal Number-root adjunct x10; PA digit + mei/re/so'i by degree.
✅💡	X11 [eleven] (used in the context of a number-base higher than ten) — VxCs -x11- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	eleven (higher base) · degree = set/cardinality pattern	namcu · PA Number-root adjunct x11; PA digit + mei/re/so'i by degree.
✅💡	X12 [twelve] (used in the context of a number-base higher than ten) — VxCs -x12- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	twelve (higher base) · degree = set/cardinality pattern	namcu · PA Number-root adjunct x12; PA digit + mei/re/so'i by degree.
✅💡	X13 [thirteen] (used in the context of a number-base higher than ten) — VxCs -x13- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	thirteen (higher base) · degree = set/cardinality pattern	namcu · PA Number-root adjunct x13; PA digit + mei/re/so'i by degree.
✅💡	X14 [fourteen] (used in the context of a number-base higher than ten) — VxCs -x14- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	fourteen (higher base) · degree = set/cardinality pattern	namcu · PA Number-root adjunct x14; PA digit + mei/re/so'i by degree.
✅💡	X15 [fifteen] (used in the context of a number-base higher than ten) — VxCs -x15- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	fifteen (higher base) · degree = set/cardinality pattern	namcu · PA Number-root adjunct x15; PA digit + mei/re/so'i by degree.
💡	XOH [one hundred] — VxCs -xoh- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	one hundred · degree = set/cardinality pattern	PA 100 · kilo? Number-root adjunct; PA digit + mei/re/so'i by degree (ordinal/cardinality/tier).
💡	XTM [1004] — VxCs -xtm- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	100⁴ · degree = set/cardinality pattern	PA 100⁴ Number-root adjunct; PA digit + mei/re/so'i by degree (ordinal/cardinality/tier).
💡	XTQ [1008] — VxCs -xtq- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	100⁸ · degree = set/cardinality pattern	PA 100⁸ Number-root adjunct; PA digit + mei/re/so'i by degree (ordinal/cardinality/tier).
💡	XTT [ten thousand] — VxCs -xtt- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	ten thousand · degree = set/cardinality pattern	PA 10000 Number-root adjunct; PA digit + mei/re/so'i by degree (ordinal/cardinality/tier).
💡	XX1 [one] — VxCs -xx1- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 single by physical order · 5 one member/instance · 9 one hierarchical tier	PA 1 · singleton set Number-root adjunct; PA digit + mei/re/so'i by degree (ordinal/cardinality/tier).
💡	XX2 [two] — VxCs -xx2- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 2nd by physical order · 5 having 2 members · 9 2 hierarchical tiers	PA 2 · pair/set-of-two Number-root adjunct; PA digit + mei/re/so'i by degree (ordinal/cardinality/tier).
💡	XX3 [three] — VxCs -xx3- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 3rd by physical order · 5 having 3 members · 9 3 hierarchical tiers	PA 3 · triple Number-root adjunct; PA digit + mei/re/so'i by degree (ordinal/cardinality/tier).
💡	XX4 [four] — VxCs -xx4- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 4th by physical order · 5 having 4 members · 9 4 hierarchical tiers	PA 4 Number-root adjunct; PA digit + mei/re/so'i by degree (ordinal/cardinality/tier).
💡	XX5 [five] — VxCs -xx5- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 5th by physical order · 5 having 5 members · 9 5 hierarchical tiers	PA 5 Number-root adjunct; PA digit + mei/re/so'i by degree (ordinal/cardinality/tier).
💡	XX6 [six] — VxCs -xx6- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 6th by physical order · 5 having 6 members · 9 6 hierarchical tiers	PA 6 Number-root adjunct; PA digit + mei/re/so'i by degree (ordinal/cardinality/tier).
💡	XX7 [seven] — VxCs -xx7- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 7th by physical order · 5 having 7 members · 9 7 hierarchical tiers	PA 7 Number-root adjunct; PA digit + mei/re/so'i by degree (ordinal/cardinality/tier).
💡	XX8 [eight] — VxCs -xx8- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 8th by physical order · 5 8 parts/sections · 9 8 hierarchical tiers	PA 8 Number-root adjunct; PA digit + mei/re/so'i by degree (ordinal/cardinality/tier).
💡	XX9 [nine] — VxCs -xx9- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 9th by physical order · 5 9 nodes/hubs · 9 9 hierarchical tiers	PA 9 Number-root adjunct; PA digit + mei/re/so'i by degree (ordinal/cardinality/tier).
💡	XXZ [zero] — VxCs -xxz- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	zero-member / null set semantics (see PDF number-root pattern)	no · empty set · PA 0 Number-root adjunct; PA digit + mei/re/so'i by degree (ordinal/cardinality/tier).

26.3 Spatial, positional & motion

Lojban conventions (§26.3): Spatial codes M/P/S = motion paths, coordinate positions, structural loci; deg 6 often static · deg 1/3/5/7/9 motion. FAhA + zvati/klama; cross-ref §20 LOC/ALL/ABL.

Spatial/motion mini-paradigm (clown at the toy store):

Code	deg	Role	Lojban gloss
P05	6	static: in front	lo pa'u datka cu zvati fa'u le vorme — clown is in front of the store
P02	6	static: right here	lo pa'u datka cu zvati ti — clown is right here
M04	6	locative on surface	lo pa'u datka cu zvati le vorme — clown is on/at the store (horizontal plane)
M04	1	motion: interior perlative	lo pa'u datka cu klama le nenri be le vorme — clown goes through the interior
M04	9	motion: exterior perlative	lo pa'u datka cu klama fi le vorme — clown goes around the outside
§20 ALL	—	toward (case)	lo pa'u datka cu klama fa'a le vorme — clown heads toward the store
§20 ABL	—	away from (case)	lo pa'u datka cu klama to'o le vorme — clown walks away from the store
OGC	5	geographically central	lo pa'u datka cu zvati le midju be le tcadu — clown at city center

Degree 6 on P/M codes = static zvati; odd degrees 1/3/5/7/9 = path/perlative motion via klama + FAhA.

M01–M14 quick-map (motion geometry → Lojban):

Code	Geometry	Typical FAhA / selbri
M01	path-oriented linear	klama/litru along route
M02	vertical linear	zu'a/ni'a up/down
M03	oblique vertical	compound up/down diagonal
M04	horizontal planar	floor-plane klama
M05	parallel alongside	pa'a/re'a beside
M06	perpendicular crossing	right-angle traverse; deg 5 = single cross
M07	oblique lateral	skew across plane
M08–M10	planar range/sweep	X–Y / vertical / perpendicular band
M11	parabolic arc	ballistic/thrown path
M12	general curve	curved klama (non-circular)
M13	planar circle	fanva orbit around landmark
M14	oblique 3-D catch-all	when M01–M13 too narrow

Stem 2/3 direction variants on M-codes: suffix -w/-y on adjunct = alternate vector (PDF).

P01–P28 coordinate quick-map (reference frame: +X = speaker's right, +Y = front, +Z = up; deg 6 = static):

Family	Codes	deg 6 gloss (clown vs store)
Generic / origin	P01, P02	generic locus · zvati ti right here
Vertical axis	P03, P04	above store · below store (zu'a/ni'a)
Horizontal cardinal	P05–P08	in front · behind · right · left
Edge pairs	P09–P12	front+above … behind+below
Corner pairs	P13–P20	right+front … left+below
Octants	P21–P28	all eight 3-D corners (±X ±Y ±Z)

Odd degrees 1/3/5/7/9 on P codes = path motion toward/through/from coordinate (klama + compound FAhA); see M01–M14 for motion geometry.

S01–S19 structural-locus quick-map (entity-relative, not speaker coordinates; shared degree scale deg 1=through · 3=into · 5=across · 6=static · 7=out of · 9=alongside):

Family	Codes	Locus type
Amidst / among	S01–S03	planar · linear · 3-D volume
Intermingled	S04–S07	2-D/3-D · separable vs fused mix
Part / center	S08–S14	componential part · axis midplanes · centroid
Entity faces	S15–S19	flank · front · back · summit · foundation

Example (clown inside toy display): S03 deg 6 → lo pa'u datka cu zvati le nenri be le vorme — clown amid the store interior volume.

Status	Ithkuil	Ithkuil examples	Lojban
💡	BDM IN SITU BODILY MOVEMENTS — VxCs -bdm- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 arm waving/bending · 5 body jerky/choppy · 9 leg random/spasmodic	in-situ body motion · muvdu · BAI In-situ bodily motion; arm-wave↔leg-spasm; muvdu on body.
✅💡	CRC Circular Motion/Path of an Object — VxCs -crc- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 fast small vertical circles · 5 mid corkscrew path · 9 slow horizontal epicycles	klama + circular path · fanva roll Circular object path; small vertical↔horizontal epicycles; klama/fanva.
💡	CTC Degree of Contact — VxCs -ctc- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 melded/fused · 5 in contact · 9 not touching	penmi · kansa contact degree Contact degree; fused↔not touching; penmi/kansa.
✅💡	IPE Internal Positional Orientation of a (Quasi-)Long Object Having an Orientational “End” or “Ends” — VxCs -ipe- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 end toward observer · 5 end position unknown · 9 end away from observer	long-object orientation · front · fa'u Long-object end orientation; toward↔away observer; fa'u.
✅💡	IPF Internal Positional Orientation of an Object Having an Orientational “Face” or “Front” — VxCs -ipf- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 face toward observer · 5 face position unknown · 9 face away from observer	faced-object orientation · fa'u · crane Faced-object front orientation; face toward↔away; fa'u/crane.
💡	ITN Degree Of Iteration — VxCs -itn- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 just once · 5 irregular intervals · 9 perpetual repetition	iteration · repeat · re Iteration count/rate; once↔perpetual; rapli/re.
✅💡	M01 path-oriented quasi-linear translative motion — VxCs -m01- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 interior perlative · 5 single crossing · 6 move on/locative · 9 exterior perlative; -w/-y = Stem 2/3 dir.	zvati · FAhA spatial code Path-oriented linear motion along a route; klama/litru on path axis; interior↔exterior perlative deg 1/9.
✅💡	M02 vertical quasi-linear translative motion — VxCs -m02- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 interior perlative · 5 single crossing · 6 move on/locative · 9 exterior perlative; -w/-y = Stem 2/3 dir.	zvati · FAhA spatial code Vertical linear motion (up/down); FAhA zu'a/ni'a + klama; e.g. clown climbs ladder.
✅💡	M03 oblique vertical quasi-linear translative motion — VxCs -m03- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 interior perlative · 5 single crossing · 6 move on/locative · 9 exterior perlative; -w/-y = Stem 2/3 dir.	zvati · FAhA spatial code Oblique vertical motion (diagonal up/down); compound FAhA; e.g. clown slides down ramp.
✅💡	M04 horizontal planar translative motion — VxCs -m04- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 interior perlative · 5 single crossing · 6 move on/locative · 9 exterior perlative; -w/-y = Stem 2/3 dir.	zvati · FAhA spatial code Horizontal planar motion (on a surface); klama on floor plane; pairs §26.3 spatial paradigm.
✅💡	M05 parallel translative motion — VxCs -m05- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 interior perlative · 5 single crossing · 6 move on/locative · 9 exterior perlative; -w/-y = Stem 2/3 dir.	zvati · FAhA spatial code Parallel motion alongside reference; pa'a/re'a parallel path; e.g. walk beside grocer.
✅💡	M06 perpendicular-planar translative motion — VxCs -m06- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 interior perlative · 5 single crossing · 6 move on/locative · 9 exterior perlative; -w/-y = Stem 2/3 dir.	zvati · FAhA spatial code Perpendicular-planar crossing; klama crossing surface at right angle; deg 5 = single crossing.
✅💡	M07 oblique lateral translative motion — VxCs -m07- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 interior perlative · 5 single crossing · 6 move on/locative · 9 exterior perlative; -w/-y = Stem 2/3 dir.	zvati · FAhA spatial code Oblique lateral motion (diagonal on plane); skew FAhA; e.g. clown cuts across plaza.
✅💡	M08 horizontal-planar range of motion — VxCs -m08- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 interior perlative · 5 single crossing · 6 move on/locative · 9 exterior perlative; -w/-y = Stem 2/3 dir.	zvati · FAhA spatial code Horizontal-planar range/sweep of motion; oscillates on X–Y plane; not point-to-point only.
✅💡	M09 vertical-planar range of motion — VxCs -m09- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 interior perlative · 5 single crossing · 6 move on/locative · 9 exterior perlative; -w/-y = Stem 2/3 dir.	zvati · FAhA spatial code Vertical-planar range/sweep; oscillates on vertical plane; e.g. bobbing up-down range.
✅💡	M10 perpendicular-planar range of motion — VxCs -m10- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 interior perlative · 5 single crossing · 6 move on/locative · 9 exterior perlative; -w/-y = Stem 2/3 dir.	zvati · FAhA spatial code Perpendicular-planar range/sweep; motion band perpendicular to reference surface.
✅💡	M11 motion on parabolic/arc trajectory rel. to gravity — VxCs -m11- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 interior perlative · 5 single crossing · 6 move on/locative · 9 exterior perlative; -w/-y = Stem 2/3 dir.	zvati · FAhA spatial code Parabolic/arc trajectory vs gravity; ballistic arc; klama on thrown path.
✅💡	M12 motion in a curve — VxCs -m12- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 interior perlative · 5 single crossing · 6 move on/locative · 9 exterior perlative; -w/-y = Stem 2/3 dir.	zvati · FAhA spatial code Curvilinear motion (non-planar curve); klama on curved path; not necessarily circular.
✅💡	M13 motion in a planar circular path — VxCs -m13- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 interior perlative · 5 single crossing · 6 move on/locative · 9 exterior perlative; -w/-y = Stem 2/3 dir.	zvati · FAhA spatial code Planar circular path; orbit/circle; fanva/klama around landmark.
✅💡	M14 generic/oblique 3-D range of motion — VxCs -m14- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 interior perlative · 5 single crossing · 6 move on/locative · 9 exterior perlative; -w/-y = Stem 2/3 dir.	zvati · FAhA spatial code Generic oblique 3-D range; catch-all spatial motion when M01–M13 too specific.
✅💡	OGC Orientation or Location Relative to a Geographical Central Point — VxCs -ogc- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 northern · 5 geographically central · 9 southern	compass direction · fa'u · fu'ivla region Geographic orientation; northern↔southern; compass fu'ivla.
✅💡	P01 generic spatial position — VxCs -p01- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	deg.6 generic locative · deg.1/3/5/7/9 motion pattern (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Generic coordinate P01; unmarked axis; deg 6=zvati · deg 1/9 perlative klama.
✅💡	P02 position at 0 / 0 / 0 -- “right here” — VxCs -p02- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	deg.6: “right here” · deg.1/3/5/7/9 motion pattern (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Origin (0,0,0) “right here”; deg 6=zvati ti · motion from/to locus.
✅💡	P03 position at 0 / 0 / +Z -- “above” — VxCs -p03- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	deg.6: “above” · deg.1/3/5/7/9 motion pattern (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Above (+Z); deg 6=zvati zu'a/fa'u zu'a be · vertical motion deg 1/9.
✅💡	P04 position at 0 / 0 / -Z -- “below” — VxCs -p04- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	deg.6: “below” · deg.1/3/5/7/9 motion pattern (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Below (−Z); deg 6=zvati ni'a/fa'u ni'a be · vertical motion deg 1/9.
✅💡	P05 position at 0 / +Y / 0 -- “in front” — VxCs -p05- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	deg.6: “in front” · deg.1/3/5/7/9 motion pattern (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code In front (+Y); deg 6=zvati fa'a/crane · pairs spatial paradigm P05.
✅💡	P06 position at 0 / -Y / 0 -- “behind” — VxCs -p06- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	deg.6: “behind” · deg.1/3/5/7/9 motion pattern (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Behind (−Y); deg 6=zvati ti'e/briju · inverse of P05.
✅💡	P07 position at +X / 0 / 0 -- “to the right” — VxCs -p07- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	deg.6: “to the right” · deg.1/3/5/7/9 motion pattern (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code To the right (+X); deg 6=zvati pritu · speaker-centric right.
✅💡	P08 position at -X / 0 / 0 -- “to the left” — VxCs -p08- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	deg.6: “to the left” · deg.1/3/5/7/9 motion pattern (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code To the left (−X); deg 6=zvati zunle · speaker-centric left.
✅💡	P09 position at 0 / +Y / +Z -- “in front & above” — VxCs -p09- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	deg.6: “in front & above” · deg.1/3/5/7/9 motion pattern (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Front+above (+Y,+Z); compound fa'a zu'a/crane zu'a static.
✅💡	P10 position at 0 / +Y / -Z -- “in front & below” — VxCs -p10- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	deg.6: “in front & below” · deg.1/3/5/7/9 motion pattern (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Front+below (+Y,−Z); compound fa'a ni'a/crane ni'a static.
✅💡	P11 position at 0 / -Y / +Z -- “behind & above” — VxCs -p11- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	deg.6: “behind & above” · deg.1/3/5/7/9 motion pattern (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Behind+above (−Y,+Z); compound ti'e zu'a static octant.
✅💡	P12 position at 0 / -Y / -Z -- “behind & below” — VxCs -p12- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	deg.6: “behind & below” · deg.1/3/5/7/9 motion pattern (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Behind+below (−Y,−Z); compound ti'e ni'a static octant.
✅💡	P13 position at +X / +Y / 0 -- “to the right & in front” — VxCs -p13- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	deg.6: “to the right & in front” · deg.1/3/5/7/9 motion pattern (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Right+front (+X,+Y); pritu fa'a corner; deg 1/9 diagonal traverse.
✅💡	P14 position at +X / -Y / 0 -- “to the right & behind” — VxCs -p14- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	deg.6: “to the right & behind” · deg.1/3/5/7/9 motion pattern (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Right+behind (+X,−Y); pritu ti'e corner static/motion.
✅💡	P15 pos. at +X / 0 / +Z - “to the right & above” — VxCs -p15- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	deg.6: “to the right & above” · deg.1/3/5/7/9 motion pattern (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Right+above (+X,+Z); pritu zu'a corner static/motion.
✅💡	P16 pos. at +X / 0 / -Z -- “to the right & below” — VxCs -p16- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	deg.6: “to the right & below” · deg.1/3/5/7/9 motion pattern (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Right+below (+X,−Z); pritu ni'a corner static/motion.
✅💡	P17 pos. at -X / +Y / 0 - “to the left & in front” — VxCs -p17- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	deg.6: “to the left & in front” · deg.1/3/5/7/9 motion pattern (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Left+front (−X,+Y); zunle fa'a corner static/motion.
✅💡	P18 pos. at -X / -Y / 0 -- “to the left & behind” — VxCs -p18- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	deg.6: “to the left & behind” · deg.1/3/5/7/9 motion pattern (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Left+behind (−X,−Y); zunle ti'e corner static/motion.
✅💡	P19 pos. at -X / 0 / +Z - “to the left & above” — VxCs -p19- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	deg.6: “to the left & above” · deg.1/3/5/7/9 motion pattern (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Left+above (−X,+Z); zunle zu'a corner static/motion.
✅💡	P20 pos. at -X / 0 / -Z -- “to the left & below” — VxCs -p20- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	deg.6: “to the left & below” · deg.1/3/5/7/9 motion pattern (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Left+below (−X,−Z); zunle ni'a corner static/motion.
✅💡	P21 pos. at +X / +Y / +Z -- “to the right, in front & above” — VxCs -p21- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	deg.6: “to the right, in front & above” · deg.1/3/5/7/9 motion pattern (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Octant +X +Y +Z; triple compound FAhA; upper-front-right.
✅💡	P22 pos. at +X / +Y / -Z -- “to the right, in front & below” — VxCs -p22- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	deg.6: “to the right, in front & below” · deg.1/3/5/7/9 motion pattern (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Octant +X +Y −Z; triple compound; lower-front-right.
✅💡	P23 pos. at +X / -Y / +Z -- “to the right, behind & above” — VxCs -p23- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	deg.6: “to the right, behind & above” · deg.1/3/5/7/9 motion pattern (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Octant +X −Y +Z; triple compound; upper-behind-right.
✅💡	P24 pos. at +X / -Y / -Z -- “to the right, behind & below” — VxCs -p24- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	deg.6: “to the right, behind & below” · deg.1/3/5/7/9 motion pattern (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Octant +X −Y −Z; triple compound; lower-behind-right.
✅💡	P25 pos. at -X / +Y/ +Z -- “to the left, in front & above” — VxCs -p25- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	deg.6: “to the left, in front & above” · deg.1/3/5/7/9 motion pattern (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Octant −X +Y +Z; triple compound; upper-front-left.
✅💡	P26 pos. at -X / +Y/ -Z -- “to the left, in front & below” — VxCs -p26- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	deg.6: “to the left, in front & below” · deg.1/3/5/7/9 motion pattern (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Octant −X +Y −Z; triple compound; lower-front-left.
✅💡	P27 pos. at -X / -Y/ +Z -- “to the left, behind & above” — VxCs -p27- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	deg.6: “to the left, behind & above” · deg.1/3/5/7/9 motion pattern (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Octant −X −Y +Z; triple compound; upper-behind-left.
✅💡	P28 pos. at -X / -Y /-Z -- “to the left, behind & below” — VxCs -p28- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	deg.6: “to the left, behind & below” · deg.1/3/5/7/9 motion pattern (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Octant −X −Y −Z; triple compound; lower-behind-left.
✅💡	PFL Internal Positional Orientation of a (Quasi-)Flat Object — VxCs -pfl- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 front/top at severe angle · 5 edge-on oblique · 9 back/bottom at severe angle	flat-object orientation · fa'u · crane Flat-object tilt; edge-on↔face-on; fa'u/crane.
💡	PLA Place/Setting Where… — VxCs -pla- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 where one learns X · 5 where one keeps/shelters X · 9 where one feels affected by X	place for X · vi'u · tcadu Place/setting for X; where one learns/keeps/feels; vi'u/tcadu.
💡	PXM Degree of Proximity — VxCs -pxm- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 too close · 5 somewhat close · 9 too far away	jibni · farlu · te distance Proximity; too close↔too far; jibni/farlu.
✅💡	S01 position between/amidst/among [in a quasi-planar context] — VxCs -s01- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 through/interior · 3 into · 5 across · 6 static position/part · 7 out of · 9 alongside (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Structural locus S01; through/interior↔alongside deg 1–9; nenri/pagbu/FAhA.
✅💡	S02 position between/among [in a linear unidimensional context] — VxCs -s02- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 through/interior · 3 into · 5 across · 6 static position/part · 7 out of · 9 alongside (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Structural locus S02; through/interior↔alongside deg 1–9; nenri/pagbu/FAhA.
✅💡	S03 indefinite position amidst/among [in a 3-D volume] — VxCs -s03- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 through/interior · 3 into · 5 across · 6 static position/part · 7 out of · 9 alongside (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Structural locus S03; through/interior↔alongside deg 1–9; nenri/pagbu/FAhA.
✅💡	S04 position/state intertwined/intermingled/intermixed in 2-D planar context [individual components separable/extractable] — VxCs -s04- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 through/interior · 3 into · 5 across · 6 static position/part · 7 out of · 9 alongside (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Structural locus S04; through/interior↔alongside deg 1–9; nenri/pagbu/FAhA.
✅💡	S05 position/state intertwined/intermingled/intermixed in 3-D volume [individual components separable/extractable] — VxCs -s05- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 through/interior · 3 into · 5 across · 6 static position/part · 7 out of · 9 alongside (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Structural locus S05; through/interior↔alongside deg 1–9; nenri/pagbu/FAhA.
✅💡	S06 position/state intertwined/intermingled/intermixed in 2-D planar context [components inseparable/permanently combined] — VxCs -s06- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 through/interior · 3 into · 5 across · 6 static position/part · 7 out of · 9 alongside (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Structural locus S06; through/interior↔alongside deg 1–9; nenri/pagbu/FAhA.
✅💡	S07 position/state intertwined/intermingled/intermixed in 3-D volume [individual components inseparable/permanently combined] — VxCs -s07- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 through/interior · 3 into · 5 across · 6 static position/part · 7 out of · 9 alongside (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Structural locus S07; through/interior↔alongside deg 1–9; nenri/pagbu/FAhA.
✅💡	S08 positionally-defined componential part — VxCs -s08- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 through/interior · 3 into · 5 across · 6 static position/part · 7 out of · 9 alongside (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Structural locus S08; through/interior↔alongside deg 1–9; nenri/pagbu/FAhA.
✅💡	S09 linear uni-dimensional middle, center [as seen parallel to long axis of entity (or height-axis of a “tall” entity)] — VxCs -s09- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 through/interior · 3 into · 5 across · 6 static position/part · 7 out of · 9 alongside (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Structural locus S09; through/interior↔alongside deg 1–9; nenri/pagbu/FAhA.
✅💡	S10 linear uni-dimensional middle, center [as seen perpendicular to long axis of entity (or height-axis of a “tall” entity)] — VxCs -s10- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 through/interior · 3 into · 5 across · 6 static position/part · 7 out of · 9 alongside (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Structural locus S10; through/interior↔alongside deg 1–9; nenri/pagbu/FAhA.
✅💡	S11 planar 2-dimensional middle, center [running vertically and laterally parallel to long (or tall) side of entity] — VxCs -s11- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 through/interior · 3 into · 5 across · 6 static position/part · 7 out of · 9 alongside (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Structural locus S11; through/interior↔alongside deg 1–9; nenri/pagbu/FAhA.
✅💡	S12 planar 2-dimensional middle, center [running vertically parallel but laterally perpendicular to long (or tall) side of entity] — VxCs -s12- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 through/interior · 3 into · 5 across · 6 static position/part · 7 out of · 9 alongside (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Structural locus S12; through/interior↔alongside deg 1–9; nenri/pagbu/FAhA.
✅💡	S13 planar 2-dimensional middle, center [running vertically and laterally perpendicular to long (or tall) side of entity] — VxCs -s13- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 through/interior · 3 into · 5 across · 6 static position/part · 7 out of · 9 alongside (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Structural locus S13; through/interior↔alongside deg 1–9; nenri/pagbu/FAhA.
✅💡	S14 center point of an entity, i.e., the zero-dimensional point most equidistant from all points on the periphery or surface of an entity — VxCs -s14- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 through/interior · 3 into · 5 across · 6 static position/part · 7 out of · 9 alongside (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Structural locus S14; through/interior↔alongside deg 1–9; nenri/pagbu/FAhA.
✅💡	S15 side/flank of an entity — VxCs -s15- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 through/interior · 3 into · 5 across · 6 static position/part · 7 out of · 9 alongside (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Structural locus S15; through/interior↔alongside deg 1–9; nenri/pagbu/FAhA.
✅💡	S16 front part of an entity [relative to its directional orientation or primary external interface] — VxCs -s16- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 through/interior · 3 into · 5 across · 6 static position/part · 7 out of · 9 alongside (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Structural locus S16; through/interior↔alongside deg 1–9; nenri/pagbu/FAhA.
✅💡	S17 rear/back part of an entity [relative to its directional orientation or primary external interface] — VxCs -s17- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 through/interior · 3 into · 5 across · 6 static position/part · 7 out of · 9 alongside (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Structural locus S17; through/interior↔alongside deg 1–9; nenri/pagbu/FAhA.
✅💡	S18 top/peak/summit of an entity [relative to its typical orientation under gravity] — VxCs -s18- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 through/interior · 3 into · 5 across · 6 static position/part · 7 out of · 9 alongside (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Structural locus S18; through/interior↔alongside deg 1–9; nenri/pagbu/FAhA.
✅💡	S19 bottom/foundation of an entity [relative to its typical orientation under gravity] — VxCs -s19- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 through/interior · 3 into · 5 across · 6 static position/part · 7 out of · 9 alongside (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Structural locus S19; through/interior↔alongside deg 1–9; nenri/pagbu/FAhA.
✅💡	S20 upper part/“half” of an entity [relative to its typical orientation under gravity] — VxCs -s20- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 through/interior · 3 into · 5 across · 6 static position/part · 7 out of · 9 alongside (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Structural locus S20; through/interior↔alongside deg 1–9; nenri/pagbu/FAhA.
✅💡	S21 lower part/“half” of an entity [relative to its typical orientation under gravity] — VxCs -s21- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 through/interior · 3 into · 5 across · 6 static position/part · 7 out of · 9 alongside (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Structural locus S21; through/interior↔alongside deg 1–9; nenri/pagbu/FAhA.
✅💡	S22 interior/internal volume/“inside(s)”/“innards” of an entity — VxCs -s22- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 through/interior · 3 into · 5 across · 6 static position/part · 7 out of · 9 alongside (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Structural locus S22; through/interior↔alongside deg 1–9; nenri/pagbu/FAhA.
✅💡	S23 interior surface or “wall” / internal surface or “wall” / the inside surface or “wall” of an entity — VxCs -s23- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 through/interior · 3 into · 5 across · 6 static position/part · 7 out of · 9 alongside (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Structural locus S23; through/interior↔alongside deg 1–9; nenri/pagbu/FAhA.
✅💡	S24 exterior/external surface/“outside”/“skin” of an entity — VxCs -s24- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 through/interior · 3 into · 5 across · 6 static position/part · 7 out of · 9 alongside (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Structural locus S24; through/interior↔alongside deg 1–9; nenri/pagbu/FAhA.
✅💡	S25 external point-like outward-facing vertex/“corner” of an entity — VxCs -s25- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 through/interior · 3 into · 5 across · 6 static position/part · 7 out of · 9 alongside (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Structural locus S25; through/interior↔alongside deg 1–9; nenri/pagbu/FAhA.
✅💡	S26 external quasi-linear edge of an entity — VxCs -s26- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 through/interior · 3 into · 5 across · 6 static position/part · 7 out of · 9 alongside (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Structural locus S26; through/interior↔alongside deg 1–9; nenri/pagbu/FAhA.
✅💡	S27 external quasi-linear joining of surfaces/“seam” of an entity — VxCs -s27- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 through/interior · 3 into · 5 across · 6 static position/part · 7 out of · 9 alongside (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Structural locus S27; through/interior↔alongside deg 1–9; nenri/pagbu/FAhA.
✅💡	S28 external attachment point or fastening mechanism of an entity, i.e., handle, hook, latch, velcro patch, knob, peg, etc. — VxCs -s28- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 through/interior · 3 into · 5 across · 6 static position/part · 7 out of · 9 alongside (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Structural locus S28; through/interior↔alongside deg 1–9; nenri/pagbu/FAhA.
✅💡	S29 internal point-like interior vertex/“corner” of an entity — VxCs -s29- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 through/interior · 3 into · 5 across · 6 static position/part · 7 out of · 9 alongside (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Structural locus S29; through/interior↔alongside deg 1–9; nenri/pagbu/FAhA.
✅💡	S30 external linear outward-facing “corner” edge or “corner” space of an entity — VxCs -s30- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 through/interior · 3 into · 5 across · 6 static position/part · 7 out of · 9 alongside (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Structural locus S30; through/interior↔alongside deg 1–9; nenri/pagbu/FAhA.
✅💡	S31 internal linear interior “corner” edge or “corner” space of an entity — VxCs -s31- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 through/interior · 3 into · 5 across · 6 static position/part · 7 out of · 9 alongside (PDF p.19–21)	zvati · FAhA spatial code Structural locus S31; through/interior↔alongside deg 1–9; nenri/pagbu/FAhA.
✅💡	SDM Miscellaneous In-Situ Motions of an Object — VxCs -sdm- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 extending appendage outward · 5 reshaping body configuration · 9 shrinking along primary axis	in-situ object motion · muvdu In-situ object reshaping; extend↔shrink axis; muvdu.
💡	SHP Shape or Form — VxCs -shp- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 2-D shape of X · 5 X-patterned visually · 9 3-D form of X	shape/form · tarmi · sinxa Shape/form of X; 2-D pattern↔3-D form; tarmi/sinxa.
✅💡	SNW Secondary Sine Wave-like Motion — VxCs -snw- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 short-period vertical sine wave · 5 varying oblique undulation · 9 long horizontal wave	sine-like path · vofli wave motion Sine-wave path; short vertical↔long horizontal; vofli.
✅💡	SPM Simultaneous Thrusting/Pushing Motion — VxCs -spm- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 upward simultaneous push · 5 sideways push · 9 downward push	zvati · klama · FAhA Simultaneous push/thrust direction; up↔down; FAhA push.
✅💡	SPN Simultaneous Spinning Motion — VxCs -spn- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 simultaneous spin while moving · 5 mid-paced spin · 9 slow long-period spin	zvati · klama · FAhA Simultaneous spin while moving; fast↔slow long-period; mosra+klama.
💡	SPR Spin/Rotation of an Object — VxCs -spr- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 fast vertical-plane spin · 5 variable-speed spiral · 9 slow horizontal revolution	mosra spin · jendro rotation Object spin/rotation; fast vertical↔slow horizontal; mosra/jendro.
✅💡	SSM Simultaneous Shaking Motion — VxCs -ssm- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 back-and-forth shake · 5 varying shake · 9 long-period shake	zvati · klama · FAhA Simultaneous shaking; back-forth↔long-period; oscillation.
✅💡	SVS Spatial/Areal/Volumetric Scale — VxCs -svs- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 atomic scale · 5 large/industrial scale · 9 quasi-universal scale	spatial scale · tsali · cmene magnitude Spatial scale; atomic↔quasi-universal; magnitude scalar.
✅💡	SWM Simultaneous Withdrawal/Pulling Motion — VxCs -swm- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 pull downward from above · 5 sideways pull · 9 pull upward from below	zvati · klama · FAhA Simultaneous pull/withdrawal; down-from-above↔up-from-below.
💡	TDP Three-Dimensional Polyhedral Forms — VxCs -tdp- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 n triangular faces · 5 2-D outline is X · 9 asymmetrical n triangular faces	polyhedron · geometry fu'ivla · klani faces Polyhedral form; n triangular faces↔asymmetric; geometry fu'ivla.
💡	VPF Variance From Prototypical 3-D Form — VxCs -vpf- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 axis oblique · 5 truncated parallel to base · 9 latitudinal slice through form	form variance · tarmi deviation Deviation from prototypical 3-D form; oblique↔sliced; tarmi.
💡	WAK Spread/wake/trail/area/expanse created by passage of entity — VxCs -wak- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 linear trail/wake · 5 planar spread behind front · 9 3-D demarcation zone	wake/trail · ve effect of passage · cpacu spread Wake/trail/expanse from passage; linear↔3-D zone; ve/cpacu.
✅💡	ZZG Secondary Zigzag Motion — VxCs -zzg- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 short-period vertical zigzag · 5 varying oblique zigzag · 9 long horizontal zigzag	klama zigzag · FAhA oscillating path Zigzag path; short vertical↔long horizontal; FAhA oscillation.

26.4 Quantifying & number

Lojban conventions (§26.4): Quantity/extent/portions via PA, ni, so'o/ro, pagbu. Motion-quantity affixes (CRI/CRV/TFI) modulate rate not cardinality. Number-root adjuncts XX1–XX9, X10–X15, XOH… encode digit + degree pattern (ordinal/cardinality/tier); geometry NNN pairs CNW §26.15.

Quantifying/number mini-paradigm (clown juggling at the store):

Affix	deg	Role	Lojban gloss
XX3	1	3rd in order	lo cipri pa'u datka — the third clown
XX3	5	set of 3	re li ci pa'u datka — three clowns
XX3	9	3 tiers	lo ci jbedra be lo pa'u datka — three ranks of clowns
X10	5	ten members	re li dau pa'u datka — ten clowns
POR	1	smallest portion	lo pimsa pagbu be lo cmaci — smallest bit of ball
POR	9	almost whole	lo cmaci cu pagbu be lo ro cmaci — nearly the whole ball
PTW	9	contiguous whole	lo ro cmaci cu pagbu be lo gunma — all balls, contiguous portion
PTT	5	intermixed portion	so lo cmaci cu pagbu be lo gunma — a fair number scattered in the set
NNN	5	n-sided 2-D form	lo cmaci cu se cuxna le ka se cuxna li mu — ball as 5-sided form (geometry)
EXN	1	not at all	lo pa'u datka na kakne lo ka jgari — cannot juggle at all
SUF	5	enough	lo pa'u datka cu satci lo ka jgari lo cmaci — enough skill to juggle
UHN	5	thousands scale	so'i lo cmaci — thousands (uncountably many balls)

Number-root degree pattern (applies to XXn, X10–X15, XOH, …):

deg	Reading
1	ordinal / physical order (pamoi, re li)
5	cardinality / set membership (re li X, li X mei)
9	hierarchical tier / nested level (lo X jbedra)

Status	Ithkuil	Ithkuil examples	Lojban
✅💡	CRI Cycle or circular motion in place — VxCs -cri- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 too slowly · 5 normal spin rate · 9 too rapidly (cycle in place)	spin in place · mosra Spin rate in place; too slow↔too fast; mosra/sutra.
✅💡	CRV Cycle or circular motion over linear vector — VxCs -crv- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 too slowly · 5 normal roll rate · 9 too rapidly (cycle over path)	roll along path · wheels/cycle vector Roll rate along path; cycle-over-vector; wheels/klama.
💡	DCI Decrease then Increase — VxCs -dci- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 too slowly · 5 normal speed · 9 too rapidly	decrease-then-increase · zenba/mleca Decrease-then-increase modulation; zenba/mleca sequence.
💡	DCR Decrease — VxCs -dcr- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 not enough/too little · 5 normal degree · 9 too much/overly	decrease gradient · mleca · ni'u Decrease gradient; too little↔overly reduced; mleca/ni'u.
💡	EXD Dynamically Changing Degree or Extent — VxCs -exd- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 decreasingly · 5 fluctuating · 9 increasingly	zenba/mle · dynamic extent Dynamic extent change; decreasing↔increasing; zenba/mle.
💡	EXN Degree or Extent — VxCs -exn- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 not at all · 5 moderate degree · 9 to exclusion of all else	so · ra · degree/extent scalar Static extent; not-at-all↔exclusive; so/ra degree.
💡	ICD Increase then Decrease — VxCs -icd- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 too slowly · 5 normal speed · 9 too rapidly	increase-then-decrease · zenba/mleca Increase-then-decrease modulation; zenba/mleca.
💡	ICR Increase — VxCs -icr- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 not enough · 5 normal degree · 9 too much	increase gradient · zenba · ni'u Increase gradient; not-enough↔too much; zenba/ni'u.
💡	IDR Random/Varying Increases and Decreases — VxCs -idr- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 too slowly · 5 normal speed · 9 too rapidly	random modulation · cni variation Random up/down modulation; cni variation speed.
💡	INL Degree Of Inclusion — VxCs -inl- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 none whatsoever · 5 several/various ways · 9 each/every way	inclusion degree · so'o · ro Inclusion degree; none↔each/every way; so'o/ro.
💡	MDL Random pattern of modulation — VxCs -mdl- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	established X / fully-trained X / journeyman X	modulation pattern · vlipa · random vs patterned Random vs patterned modulation; journeyman training pattern.
💡	MVT Degree of Stillness/Movement — VxCs -mvt- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 too unstable · 5 holding still · 9 hyperactive	stillness/movement · muvdu/simsna Stillness vs movement; unstable↔hyperactive; muvdu/simsna.
✅💡	NNN N-Numbered Angles/Facets/Faces/Sides/Points/Forms — VxCs -nnn- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 n-pointed star · 5 n-sided 2-D form · 9 symmetrical n-sided polygon	n-sided form · PA + geometry N-angled form; n-pointed star↔n-gon; PA + geometry.
💡	NPE Non-Relative Physical Extent — VxCs -npe- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 extent of X · 5 specific amount of X · 9 physical size of X	absolute extent · ni · mekso amount Absolute physical extent/amount; ni mekso quantity.
💡	PLT Pletive — VxCs -plt- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 total absence (never present) · 5 usual level · 9 over-abundance	pletive relative amount · comparison Pletive relative abundance; never↔over-abundance.
💡	POR Portion or Section — VxCs -por- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 smallest portion · 5 a portion of whole · 9 almost entire whole	portion · pagbu · slice Portion of whole; smallest↔almost-entire; pagbu.
💡	PTT Non-Contiguous (i.e., Intermixed) Portion of the Whole — VxCs -ptt- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 no amount · 5 fair number · 9 every/all (intermixed)	so intermixed · mixed portion Intermixed portion; none↔every intermixed; so'o scattered.
💡	PTW Contiguous Portion of the Whole — VxCs -ptw- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 none (of) · 5 fair amount · 9 every/all/whole	so · ra · contiguous portion of whole Contiguous portion; none-of↔whole; so/ra contiguous.
💡	RCO Recoil in place — VxCs -rco- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 too slowly · 5 normal rate · 9 too rapidly (recoil/spring-back)	recoil · bajra spring-back Recoil/spring-back rate; bajra spring-back speed.
✅💡	SUF Degree Of Sufficiency of Amount /Impact — VxCs -suf- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 none at all · 5 enough/sufficient · 9 inundated with X	sufficiency · do'e · satci Sufficiency of amount; none↔inundated; do'e/satci.
💡	TFI Back & forth; to & fro in place — VxCs -tfi- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 too slowly · 5 normal oscillation · 9 too rapidly (to-and-fro in place)	oscillation · zunle/pritu to-and-fro To-and-fro oscillation in place; zunle/pritu rate.
💡	TVP Trivalent Polarity — VxCs -tvp- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 polar opposite · 5 neither way · 9 utmost positive extreme	trivalent polarity · -1/0/+1 scale Trivalent polarity; opposite↔positive extreme; −1/0/+1 scale.

26.5 Qualifying & comparison

Lojban conventions (§26.5): Qualifying degrees on property x₂; pair LVL/COS/SCL/XCL with §16 level operators.

Comparison bundle mini-paradigm (clown vs grocer — height; stacks on §16):

Bundle	deg	Role	Lojban gloss
LVL	—	SUR (exceed)	lo pa'u datka cu zmadu lo bajra le ka clani — clown taller than grocer
COS	1	compare by amount/volume	le ni clani — comparison axis = height amount (ni clani)
COS	5	compare by efficiency	le ni sutra be lo nu bajra — compare by running speed (efficiency axis)
SCL	1	X was less M than Y	ca'u lo nu lo pa'u datka pu mleca lo bajra le ka clani — clown used to be shorter
SCL	5	X now less M than Y	ca ku lo pa'u datka cu mleca lo bajra le ka clani — clown is now shorter
XCL	5	both meet external standard	lo pa'u datka .e lo bajra cu dunli le ka clani be li ci mitre — both meet 3 m standard
LVL	5	EQU	lo pa'u datka cu dunli lo bajra le ka clani — equally tall (with COS axis set)
LVL	9	MAX (absolute)	lo pa'u datka cu traji le ka clani — maximally tall (absolute LVL Type-2)

Stack order: COS (axis) → SCL/XCL (standard/timeline) → LVL (operator) on property sumti or bridi.

Status	Ithkuil	Ithkuil examples	Lojban
💡	AFT Degree of Affect — VxCs -aft- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 too cute/maudlin · 5 lovely/elegant · 9 too grand/imperious	affect/cuteness · UI · -cute register Affect/cuteness; maudlin↔imperious; UI register.
💡	APR Degree of Contextual Appropriateness — VxCs -apr- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 contemptible · 5 merely adequate · 9 stuffy/orthodox	contextual appropriateness · tcaci · drani proper Contextual appropriateness; contemptible↔orthodox; tcaci/drani.
💡	BEH Degree of Subjective Effect or Behavioral Appropriateness — VxCs -beh- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 grotesque/repugnant · 5 offensive/ill-mannered · 9 shocking/spectacular	subjective repugnance · UI · cfika behavioral Behavioral repugnance; grotesque↔spectacular; UI/cfika.
💡	CLS Classification — VxCs -cls- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 most general category · 5 intermediate taxon · 9 most specific subtype	classification · klesi · taxonomic rank Taxonomic classification; general↔specific subtype; klesi.
💡	CNQ Degree of Consequentiality, Finality or Irrevocability — VxCs -cnq- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 inconsequential/sham · 5 consequential/fair effect · 9 forever/final	consequence/finality · jalge · cirko reversible Consequentiality/finality; sham↔forever-final; jalge/cirko.
✅	COS Comparison Specifications — VxCs -cos- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 amount/volume · 5 efficiency · 9 combined axes	comparison axis on property x2 Comparison axis on property; pair with LVL/SCL/XCL.
💡	DCP Degree of Concentration vs. Dissipation — VxCs -dcp- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 highly concentrated · 5 normal concentration · 9 undetectably scattered	concentration · denmi · spread Concentration vs dispersion; concentrated↔scattered; denmi/spread.
💡	DDM Degree of Domestication — VxCs -ddm- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 utterly wild · 5 half-domesticated · 9 permanently domesticated	domestication · cirko · wild/tame Domestication; wild↔domesticated; wild/tame scalar.
💡	DEV Degree of Development — VxCs -dev- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 well-maintained/healthy · 5 ersatz/facsimile · 9 run-down/abandoned	development stage · farvi · vitno maintained Development/maintenance; well-kept↔facsimile↔derelict; farvi/vitno.
💡	DGR Exactness of Degree — VxCs -dgr- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 unknowable amount · 5 difficult to pinpoint · 9 exact/specific	exact degree · satci · racli approximate Exactness of degree; unknowable↔exact; satci/racli.
💡	DOP Degree of Optimality — VxCs -dop- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 optimal/at best · 5 mediocre · 9 at worst	optimality · mutce best/worst gradient Optimality; at-best↔at-worst; mutce gradient.
💡	DRE Degree of Recreation — VxCs -dre- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 hedonistic despite harm · 5 fun for all · 9 obligation despite harm	recreation purpose · zgafu · bilga obligation Recreation purpose; hedonistic↔obligation-despite-harm; zgafu/bilga.
💡	DSA Degree of Societal Agreement/Consensus — VxCs -dsa- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 indisputable/common sense · 5 agreement irrelevant · 9 irreconcilable controversy	social consensus · juni · controversy Social consensus; common-sense↔controversial; juni.
💡	DSI Degree of Desire — VxCs -dsi- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 expunged/shunned · 5 tolerated · 9 coveted	desire degree · djica · te want Desire degree; shunned↔coveted; djica.
💡	DSN Degree of Seniority — VxCs -dsn- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 candidate/rookie · 5 established/journeyman · 9 emeritus/founding member	seniority · jbedra rank Seniority; rookie↔emeritus; jbedra rank.
💡	DSZ Dynamic Change of Size — VxCs -dsz- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 particle of · 5 compact/concentrated · 9 synergistic expansion	dynamic size · zenba/mle change Dynamic size change; particle↔synergistic expansion; zenba/mle.
💡	ENT Degree of Enthusiasm — VxCs -ent- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 under duress · 5 indifferent · 9 with great enthusiasm	enthusiasm · UI · coi willing Enthusiasm; under-duress↔great enthusiasm; UI/coi.
✅	FLS Degree of Fluctuation/Stability — VxCs -fls- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 too unstable · 5 tending toward fluctuation · 9 too stable	stodi · stali Fluctuation/stability; too unstable↔too stable; stodi/stali.
💡	FRM Degree of Formality — VxCs -frm- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 too casual · 5 right formality · 9 too formal	formality · bangu register · cnino casual Formality register; too casual↔too formal; bangu register.
💡	IEC Identity, Equivalence, and Convertibility — VxCs -iec- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 not equivalent · 5 loosely equivalent · 9 fully convertible/interchangeable	equivalence · du'e · simxu convertible Equivalence/convertibility; not-equivalent↔interchangeable; du'e/simxu.
💡	IMX Type of Imaginary Existence — VxCs -imx- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 mythological · 5 fictional · 9 hypothetical	imaginary type · selsinxa · senva dream Imaginary existence type; mythological↔hypothetical; selsinxa/senva.
💡	ITL Degree of Intelligence Manifested — VxCs -itl- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 foolish/absurd · 5 average wit · 9 brilliant/genius	intelligence shown · menske · befni foolish Intelligence manifested; foolish↔average↔genius; menske/befni.
💡	LCK Degree of Luck/Fortune — VxCs -lck- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 worst luck · 5 neither lucky nor unlucky · 9 one-in-a-million luck	luck · funcu · srera fortune Luck/fortune; worst↔one-in-a-million; funcu/srera.
✅	LVL Alternate forms of Comparison Operators ( Levels) — VxCs -lvl- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 MIN · 5 EQU · 9 MAX (Type-1 relative; Type-2 absolute)	cmau/zmadu + §16 Level (MIN–MAX) Comparison level operators; deg maps to §16 SUR…IFR; Type-2 = absolute.
💡	MDN Degree of Age or Modernity — VxCs -mdn- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 primordial · 5 former/no longer current · 9 ultimate/everlasting	citno/slabu age · modernity scalar Age/modernity; primordial↔everlasting; citno/slabu.
✅	NEW Newness/Revision — VxCs -new- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 never before seen · 5 additional instance+new · 9 different+new	cnino · revision/newness degrees Newness/revision; never-seen↔different+new; cnino degrees.
💡	NTR Degree of Notoriety, Acceptance, Respect, Honor — VxCs -ntr- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 spurned/pariah · 5 common/accepted · 9 highly esteemed	honor/reputation · sinma · catra vilified Notoriety/honor; pariah↔highly-esteemed; sinma/catra.
💡	PRB Degree of Probability or Likelihood — VxCs -prb- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 impossible/lost cause · 5 possible · 9 done deal/certain	probability · cumki · siclu likely Probability; impossible↔certain; cumki/siclu.
💡	PRT Degree of Portability — VxCs -prt- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 not portable/integrated · 5 portable if needed · 9 impossible to locate	portability · movable · stodi Portability; integrated↔impossible-to-locate; movable scalar.
💡	PTY Degree of Prototypicality — VxCs -pty- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 unique/atypical · 5 garden variety · 9 stereotypical archetype	prototypicality · sidju archetype Prototypicality; unique↔garden-variety↔stereotype; sidju/tcaci.
💡	QUA Degree of Quality, Effectiveness or Adequacy — VxCs -qua- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 too poor/bad · 5 average/OK · 9 too good/excellent	quality scalar · xamgu/xlali · ni Quality/adequacy; too poor↔too excellent; xamgu/xlali.
💡	REA Degree of Genuineness or Veracity — VxCs -rea- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 imaginary/made-up · 5 ersatz/facsimile · 9 genuinely real [contrary to suggestion]	genuineness · fatci · siclu fake Genuineness; imaginary↔genuinely real; fatci/fake.
💡	SCA Degree of Social Appropriateness — VxCs -sca- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 well-mannered/polite · 5 overbearing · 9 spectacular/showy	social appropriateness · snada polite · catra flashy Social appropriateness; polite↔showy; snada/flashy.
✅💡	SCL Standards for Comparison for Use with Levels — VxCs -scl- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 X was less M than Y · 5 X now less M than Y · 9 prior inapplicable	ca'u prior comparison · ni + CMP case Comparison standard/timeline; prior vs current vs inapplicable.
💡	SIZ Degree of Size — VxCs -siz- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 particle/tiny · 5 average size · 9 huge/massive	size · cmalu/barda · ni clani Size degree; particle↔average↔massive; cmalu/barda/ni clani.
✅💡	STY Stylistic thru Time — VxCs -sty- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 archaic · 5 yesteryear zeitgeist · 9 post-	diachronic style · bangu register · era Diachronic style; archaic↔post- era; bangu register.
💡	TYP Degree of Typicalness — VxCs -typ- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 unique/shocking · 5 garden variety · 9 stereotyped	typicality · tcaci · selsinxa unique Typicality; unique↔stereotyped; tcaci/selsinxa.
💡	UNQ Degree of Specialness or Uniqueness — VxCs -unq- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 vulgar/trashy · 5 somewhat special · 9 marvelous/wondrous	uniqueness · sinxa special · rirci vulgar Specialness; vulgar↔marvelous; sinxa/rirci.
✅💡	XCL External Standard for Comparison for Use with Levels — VxCs -xcl- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 X not very M vs standard · 5 both meet standard · 9 X exceeds, Y not	external standard · ma'i + expectation External comparison standard; both parties vs standard.

26.6 Adverbial & manner

Lojban conventions (§26.6): Manner/adverbial scalars on bridi or sumti places; often ni+property, UI, or BAI tcita.

Manner/adverbial mini-paradigm (clown juggling in the store):

Affix	deg	Scalar	Lojban gloss
CAP	1	incapable	.oi lo pa'u datka na kakne lo nu jgari — clown can't juggle
CAP	9	overqualified	lo pa'u datka co certu lo nu jgari — expert juggler
EFT	1	too little effort	lo pa'u datka cu jai nalcrepu lo nu jgari — barely trying
EFT	9	too much effort	lo pa'u datka co cacra lo nu jgari — straining too hard
ITY	1	too mild	lo pa'u datka cu jgari lo cmaci co vanbi — juggles gently
ITY	9	too intense	lo pa'u datka cu jgari lo cmaci co mutce — juggles furiously
DIF	9	too difficult	lo nu jgari cu nandu lo pa'u datka — juggling is too hard
SCS	5	partial success	lo pa'u datka cu snada lo nu jgari pa cmaci — drops one ball
SCS	9	total success	lo pa'u datka cu snada lo nu jgari ro lo cmaci — flawless
SUD	9	too sudden	.ui ue lo pa'u datka co sutra lo nu jgari — suddenly starts juggling

Status	Ithkuil	Ithkuil examples	Lojban
💡	ATN Degree of Attention or Determination — VxCs -atn- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 inattentive · 5 adequate attention · 9 hyper-focused	attention · sinma · jundi Attention/focus degree; inattentive↔hyper-focused; jundi/sinma on x1.
✅💡	CAP Degree of Potential or Capability — VxCs -cap- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 incapable · 5 beginning ability · 9 overly qualified	capability · kakne · CAhA Capability degree; incapable↔overqualified; CAhA/kakne on agent.
💡	CFD Degree of Forthrightness, Confidence or Humility — VxCs -cfd- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 too meek · 5 proper humility · 9 over-confident	confidence/humility · UI + jinvi Forthrightness/confidence; meek↔over-confident; UI + jinvi.
💡	CNC Degree of Concern or Consideration — VxCs -cnc- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 who cares · 5 at best concern · 9 overly altruistic	concern · UI · virnu altruism Concern/altruism; who-cares↔overly altruistic; UI/virnu.
💡	CRL Degree of Physical Control — VxCs -crl- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 out of control · 5 somewhat in control · 9 overly controlled	control · gasnu self-control · kargu helpless Physical self-control; out-of-control↔over-controlled; gasnu/kargu.
💡	CVL Affix: Degree of Civilization — VxCs -cvl- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 hunter-gatherer · 5 tech society w/ competition · 9 transcendent civilization	civilization stage · civli · sci-fi register Civilization stage; hunter-gatherer↔transcendent; civli register.
💡	CVT Degree of Covertness versus Overtness — VxCs -cvt- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 too covert · 5 balanced · 9 too overt/vulgar	covert/overt · mipri · glare Covert vs overt; too covert↔too vulgar; mipri/glare.
💡	DCS Decisiveness or Commitment — VxCs -dcs- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 too indecisive · 5 half-hearted · 9 intransigent	decisiveness · snada · vanbi hesitant Decisiveness/commitment; indecisive↔intransigent; snada/vanbi.
💡	DCX Degree of Complexity — VxCs -dcx- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 too simple · 5 expected complexity · 9 too complex	complexity · mapku · simpl Complexity; too simple↔too complex; mapku/simplicity scalar.
💡	DCY Degree of Certainty — VxCs -dcy- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 probably mistaken · 5 absolute certainty · 9 probably mistaken (memory)	certainty · UI · stace Certainty; probably-wrong↔absolute; UI/stace (memory variant deg 9).
💡	DIF Degree of Difficulty — VxCs -dif- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 too easy · 5 neutral · 9 too difficult	difficulty · nandu · frili Difficulty; too easy↔too hard; nandu/frili.
💡	DNG Degree of Danger — VxCs -dng- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 completely safe · 5 uncertain danger · 9 lethal	danger · xusra · pinxe safe Danger; safe↔lethal; xusra/safety scalar.
💡	DPF Degree of Perfunctoriness — VxCs -dpf- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 too perfunctory · 5 proper scrutiny · 9 overly detailed	perfunctoriness · carmi scrutiny Perfunctoriness vs scrutiny; perfunctory↔nit-picky; carmi.
💡	DSG Degree of Design or Organization — VxCs -dsg- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 chaotic · 5 slightly disorganized · 9 overly structured	organization · cnita · pripau Organization; chaotic↔over-structured; cnita/pripau.
💡	DSR Degree of Discretion or Secrecy — VxCs -dsr- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 public/heralded · 5 semi-public · 9 classified	secrecy · mipri · public scale Discretion/secrecy; public↔classified; mipri scale.
💡	EFI Degree of Efficiency — VxCs -efi- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 disastrously wasteful · 5 adequate · 9 synergistic	efficiency · mulno · pluka outcome/effort Efficiency; wasteful↔synergistic; mulno/pluka outcome/effort.
💡	EFP Degree of Effect from Pain or Pleasure — VxCs -efp- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 excruciating pain · 5 neither pain nor pleasure · 9 ecstasy	pain/pleasure effect · tatpi · pluka Pain/pleasure effect; excruciating↔ecstasy; tatpi/pluka.
💡	EFT Degree of Effort — VxCs -eft- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 too little effort · 5 adequate · 9 too much effort	effort · cacra · jai exertion Effort expended; too little↔too much; cacra/jai.
💡	ERR Degree of Correctness versus Error — VxCs -err- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 totally wrong · 5 barely correct · 9 totally correct	correctness · drani · lovrugau Correctness; totally wrong↔totally correct; drani/lovrugau.
💡	FRC Degree of Physical Force Exerted — VxCs -frc- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 too light/soft · 5 right touch · 9 too violent/rough	bradi · catra · force/roughness Physical force; too soft↔too violent; bradi/catra.
💡	ITY Degree of Intensity — VxCs -ity- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 too mild · 5 normal intensity · 9 too intense	ni + property · intensity scalar Intensity scalar; too mild↔too intense; ni + property.
💡	KPF Degree of Knowledge-Based Proficiency — VxCs -kpf- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 untrained · 5 learning · 9 overly expert (knowledge)	trained skill · certu · stace knowledge Knowledge-based skill; untrained↔over-expert; certu/stace.
💡	MAT Degree of Maturation — VxCs -mat- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 undeveloped · 5 fully mature · 9 dead/defunct	maturation · cacra · life-stage scalar Maturation/life-stage; undeveloped↔defunct; cacra stage.
💡	OPF Degree of Operational Functionality — VxCs -opf- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 broken · 5 fair working order · 9 optimum condition	functionality · pilno working order Operational condition; broken↔optimum; pilno working order.
💡	OPL Degree of Onset & Prolongation — VxCs -opl- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 paroxysmal onset · 5 quick onset, brief · 9 slow onset, prolonged	onset/duration · ZAhO + ze'u Onset/prolongation; paroxysmal↔slow prolonged; ZAhO + ze'u.
💡	PCN Degree of Care, Precision or Scrutiny — VxCs -pcn- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 too sloppy · 5 less than careful · 9 nit-picky	precision · carmi · plu careful Care/precision; sloppy↔nit-picky; carmi/plu.
✅💡	PLE Degree of Emotional/Mental (Dis-)Pleasure — VxCs -ple- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 maximally unpleasant · 5 neutral · 9 ecstasy	pleasantness · UI · pluka Emotional pleasure; maximally unpleasant↔ecstasy; UI/pluka.
💡	PPF Degree of Practice-Based Proficiency — VxCs -ppf- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 unpracticed · 5 beginning proficiency · 9 overly expert (practice)	practice skill · crepu · certu Practice-based skill; unpracticed↔over-expert; crepu/certu.
💡	PRV Degree of Prevention or Blockage — VxCs -prv- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 naturally blocked · 5 free to X · 9 artificially blocked	prevention · zunti · bandu Prevention/blockage; naturally blocked↔artificially blocked; zunti/bandu.
💡	RLV Degree of Relevancy — VxCs -rlv- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 utterly irrelevant · 5 barely relevant · 9 maximally relevant	relevance · srana · va'o frame Relevance; irrelevant↔maximally relevant; srana/va'o.
✅💡	RSK Degree of Risk to a Party — VxCs -rsk- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 great risk to self · 5 risk to self and others · 9 great risk to others	risk · terpa · xusra endanger Risk to party; self-risk↔others-risk; terpa/xusra.
💡	SBT Degree of Subtlety/Nuance — VxCs -sbt- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 too subtle · 5 balanced · 9 too blatant	subtlety · vanbi · cizra nuance Subtlety/nuance; too subtle↔too blatant; vanbi/cizra.
💡	SCS Degree of Success versus Failure — VxCs -scs- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 total failure · 5 partial success · 9 total success	success · flira outcome · snada Success vs failure; total failure↔total success; flira/snada.
💡	SEN Degree of Sensibleness/Predictability — VxCs -sen- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 surreal · 5 normal/sensible · 9 clockwork predictable	predictability · cizra odd · pavyseljirna sensible Sensibility/predictability; surreal↔clockwork; cizra/pavyseljirna.
💡	SPH Degree of Sophistication — VxCs -sph- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 too crude · 5 normal sophistication · 9 too refined	sophistication · banli · pruxi crude Sophistication; crude↔over-refined; banli/pruxi.
💡	STR Degree of Physical Strength Possible or Used — VxCs -str- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 too weak · 5 adequate strength · 9 too strong	tsali · physical strength scalar on x2 Physical strength; too weak↔too strong; tsali on x2.
💡	SUD Degree of Suddenness — VxCs -sud- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 too slow to happen · 5 right timing · 9 too sudden	suddenness · sutra · denpa delayed Suddenness; too slow↔too sudden; sutra/denpa.
💡	TAL Degree of Innate Talent for... — VxCs -tal- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 no talent · 5 fair talent · 9 outstanding talent	innate talent · certu predisposition Innate talent; none↔outstanding; certu predisposition.
💡	TRS Degree of Trustworthiness/Reliability — VxCs -trs- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 untrustworthy · 5 trusted on faith · 9 completely reliable	trust · ju'i · terpa skeptical Trustworthiness; untrustworthy↔completely reliable; ju'i/terpa.
💡	VEL Degree of Velocity — VxCs -vel- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 too slow · 5 right velocity · 9 too fast	sutra · masno · velocity (klama + tenses) Velocity; too slow↔too fast; sutra/masno + klama.

26.7 Modality, emotion & expectation

Lojban conventions (§26.7): Modal/emotive bundles; MCS = mood+case-scope §17/§21; EFE = §13 effect.

Modality/emotion mini-paradigm (clown at the store):

Affix	deg	Role	Lojban gloss
EFE	1	beneficial to speaker	.ui lo nu lo pa'u datka cu gasnu cu seva'u fi mi — good for me
EFE	9	detrimental to speaker	.oi lo nu lo pa'u datka cu gasnu cu xlali fi mi — bad for me
MCS	1	SUB mood	.i cumki lo nu lo verba be lo pa'u datka cu kafri — maybe his kids are ill (§17)
MCS	4	COU counterfactual	.i da'i lo pa'u datka cu se rirxa lo verba gi lo verba cu kafri
MCS	6	CCA case-scope	lo pa'u datka noi … — head governs unmarked cases (§21)
EMO	1	positive while X-ing	.ui lo nu lo pa'u datka cu jgari — happy while juggling
EMO	9	negative while X-ing	.oi lo nu lo pa'u datka cu jgari — miserable while juggling
DSD	1	want to	.au lo nu lo pa'u datka cu klama le dinju — wants to go to store
OBG	1	must/have to	.ei lo pa'u datka cu bilga lo ka klama — must go

MCS degree quick-map (verb adjunct; see §17/§21):

deg	Bundle value
0	CCV (default case-scope)
1–5	SUB · ASM · SPC · COU · HYP
6–9	CCA · CCS · CCQ · CCP

Status	Ithkuil	Ithkuil examples	Lojban
💡	APP Appraisal of Outcome/Effect — VxCs -app- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 HAS to be that way · 5 unknown if OK · 9 all wrong	outcome appraisal · UI · drani proper Outcome appraisal; must-be↔all-wrong; UI/drani proper.
✅💡	ATI Anticipatory modalities — VxCs -ati- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 tend to/be apt to · 5 free/available to · 9 be predisposed to	anticipatory modal · za'a tendency · BAI Anticipatory modal; apt-to↔predisposed; za'a tendency BAI.
✅💡	AVS Aversive (“short-cut” negations of other modalities) — VxCs -avs- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 forget to · 5 prevent/not let · 9 would rather not	aversive modal · na'e · avoid · terpa Aversive modal shortcut; forget-to↔would-rather-not; na'e/terpa.
✅💡	CPC Capacitative modalities — VxCs -cpc- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 can = physical ability · 5 can = knowledge/skill · 9 take advantage of opportunity	capacitative · CAhA · kakne · opportunity Capacitative; physical-can↔seize-opportunity; CAhA/kakne.
✅💡	DBV Deliberative modalities — VxCs -dbv- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 devoted to · 5 consider · 9 help to/assist with	UI · BAI · modals Deliberative; devoted-to↔assist-with; UI/BAI modals.
✅💡	DSD Desiderative modalities — VxCs -dsd- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 want to · 5 free to · 9 demand to	UI · BAI · modals Desiderative; want-to↔demand-to; djica/bilga.
💡	EFE Effect of Statement — VxCs -efe- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 beneficial to speaker · 5 effect unknown · 9 detrimental to speaker	statement effect · UI · beneficiary Statement effect on party; EFE §13 mirror; speaker benefit↔detriment deg 1→9.
✅💡	EMO Emotion Associated with a State, Act, Event — VxCs -emo- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 positive emotion being X'd · 5 ambivalent witnessing X · 9 negative emotion being/doing X	emotion with state · UI · cinri Emotion with state/act; positive↔negative while X-ing; UI/cinmo.
✅💡	EMQ Emotional Qualification — VxCs -emq- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 I'm afraid that… · 5 no surprise that… · 9 honor and privilege to announce…	emotional qualification · UI · attitudinal frame Emotional qualification frame; afraid-that↔honor-to-announce; UI attitudinal.
💡	ENG Degree of Engagement/Involvement — VxCs -eng- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 terrified/avoid at all costs · 5 lackluster interest · 9 enraptured/irreversibly involved	engagement · UI · cinmo involvement Engagement/involvement; terrified↔enraptured; UI/cinmo.
💡	INB Inability/Incapacity Due To . . . — VxCs -inb- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 incapacity: no resources · 5 blockage of physical means · 9 loss of desire	incapacity · kakne negated · bapra cause Incapacity cause; no-resources↔lost-desire; kakne negated/bapra.
✅💡	IPC Unforeseen Implication Contrary to Expectation — VxCs -ipc- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 implies therefore… · 5 by the way… · 9 like it or not…	discourse pivot · ja'e · ku'i · ni'o Contrary implication pivot; therefore↔like-it-or-not; ja'e/ku'i/ni'o.
✅💡	MCS Mood and Case-Scoping — VxCs -mcs- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	deg1 SUB · deg2 ASM · deg3 SPC · deg4 COU · deg5 HYP · deg6–9 CCA/CCS/CCQ/CCP · deg0 CCV	mood+case-scope bundle → §17 · §21 Alternative to Slot VIII Cn; bundles up to 3 values (mood+aspect+CC or CC-only). verbs.md §5.2.7.
💡	MEM Memory — VxCs -mem- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 always in mind · 5 on tip of tongue · 9 long-forgotten	memory · morji · sanji · penu Memory salience; always-in-mind↔long-forgotten; morji/sanji/penu.
💡	MTA Negative Motivation for an Action or State — VxCs -mta- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 for evil/perverse reasons · 5 to provoke reaction · 9 despite negative reasons	negative motivation · UI · krasi bad Negative motivation; evil-reasons↔despite-negative; krasi bad.
💡	OBG Obligative/necessitative — VxCs -obg- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 must/have to · 5 need to/necessary · 9 be fated/destined to	obligative · bilga · ei · destiny Obligation/necessity; must↔fated; bilga/ei/destiny.
💡	OSQ Opportunity Squandered — VxCs -osq- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 hoped-for never came to pass · 5 missed unlikely to arise · 9 won then lost	squandered opportunity · cinba regret · lifri Squandered opportunity; hoped-never↔won-then-lost; regret/lifri.
💡	PRQ Prerequisite — VxCs -prq- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 ingredients for X · 5 may lead to X · 9 abstract premise for X	prerequisite · bapra · krasi Prerequisite; ingredients↔abstract premise; bapra/krasi.
💡	RNC Renunciation — VxCs -rnc- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 give up X-ing · 5 refuse to X · 9 lack means to X	renunciation · co'u · le'u give up Renunciation; give-up↔lack-means; co'u/le'u.

26.8 Agency, cause & transrelative expansion

Stack on ERG/AFF/ABS/DAT participants (§20 transrelative expansion table). Type-1 tags the entity; Type-2 the designation; Type-3 scopes the prior affix only.

Transrelative expansion mini-paradigm (clown makes child angry):

Affix	deg	Ithkuil nuance	Lojban gloss
CNS	1 vs 9	against wishes vs by request	lo cinfu cu badri fi'o nai'e curmi vs fi'o curmi
RSN	5	to provoke reaction	mu'i le nu gasnu lo nu lo cinfu cu fengu
DLB	1 vs 9	accidental vs on purpose	ca'i nai'e zukte vs ca'i zukte on clown's act
ENB	5	granted favor enabled act	fi'o tutci le turni be lo nu gasnu
AGN	1 vs 9	anticipated vs surprise effect	ju'a se djica vs .ui ue on outcome
IMP	5	child successfully resists	lo cinfu cu fendi lo nu badri
XPT	1 vs 9	shocking vs pre-ordained	.ue vs .u'i on result state

Status	Ithkuil	Ithkuil examples	Lojban
✅💡	AGN Degree of Agency, Intent or Effectiveness — VxCs -agn- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 max anticipated effect · 5 no noticeable effect · 9 max unanticipated effect	zukte · gasnu Effectiveness gradient on agent's act; UI (ju'a/.ue) on outcome; stack on ERG noun.
✅💡	CHC Degree of Choice by Externally-Induced Agent — VxCs -chc- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	externally-induced agent choice gradient (PDF)	externally-induced agent choice EFF-chain agent coerced/allowed; bilga/curmi on induced ERG; pairs ENB.
✅💡	CNS Degree of Consent — VxCs -cns- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 against wishes · 5 consent under pressure · 9 by request of patient	consent degree on patient Patient consent on ABS/AFF; curmi/na'e curmi scale; deg 1=against wishes. §20 expansion.
💡	CPP Capacity As Patient — VxCs -cpp- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 very easily X'd · 5 difficult to be X'd · 9 impossible to be X'd	patient capacity · CAhA · kakne as patient Patient ability to undergo; kakne/ca'e/ca'e nai'e on ABS/AFF sumti.
✅💡	DLB Degree of Deliberateness/Agency — VxCs -dlb- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 accidental/unaware · 5 unforeseeable · 9 intentional/on purpose	deliberateness · zukte intent · accident ca'i/ca'i nai'e on ERG act; distinct from MOT (style) and AGN (effectiveness).
✅💡	ENB Means of Enablement — VxCs -enb- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 personal privilege · 5 granted favor · 9 formal authority	enablement means · tutci · authorization path How EFF enabled ERG; fi'o tutci/bilga/turni on EFF participant. §20 EFF row.
✅💡	IMP Degree of Impact on Patient/Target or Enablement of Outcome — VxCs -imp- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 utterly inevitable for target · 5 target prevents successfully · 9 target enables for own benefit	impact on patient · rinka · gasnu effect Result place on ABS/AFF; fendi/gasnu/seva'u by degree on patient.
💡	LET to let X be/happen/manifest. . .’ — VxCs -let- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 deliberate inaction allows X · 5 granting permission · 9 despite attempting to prevent	permit/allow · curmi · ru'e inaction Agent allows by inaction; ru'e/curmi on ERG who fails to prevent; vs CNS on patient.
✅💡	MOT Degree of Self-Conscious Deliberation or Motivation — VxCs -mot- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 affected/ostentatious · 5 against better judgement · 9 autonomic/automatic	motivation style · UI · habit vs deliberate Manner of motivation (habit/ostentation); UI attitudinal on ERG; not same as DLB intent.
✅💡	RSN Reason for an Emotional State or Motivation for an Action — VxCs -rsn- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 for no reason · 5 to provoke reaction · 9 for virtuous reasons	reason/motive · krasi · mu'a mu'i/krasi/ni'i on AFF/ERG; explains why act/emotion. §20 expansion.
✅💡	XPT Expectation of Outcome — VxCs -xpt- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 shockingly unexpected · 5 hard-won despite obstacles · 9 pre-ordained/pat	expectation · ju'a surprise · siclu predicted Expected vs actual outcome; .ue/.u'i/ju'a on result bridi; pairs IMP.

26.9 Participant, gender & social

Lojban conventions (§26.9): Stack on animate sumti or social-role nouns. GID = gender identity (not SEX); SID = subjective self-presentation vs CLG cultural association. Kinship KIN/KSD pair with GOI or rela; hierarchy HRC/HSR with lo se lidne. Cross-ref §24 referentials for person bundles.

Participant/social mini-paradigm (clown and grocer):

Affix	deg	Role	Lojban gloss
GID	1	female identity	lo pa'u datka co ninmu — clown identifies as woman
GID	5	non-binary	lo pa'u datka co remna — clown, non-binary identity
SEX	5	intersex (biology)	lo pa'u datka co remna je interseksu — intersex (use GID for identity)
KIN	1	full-blood kin	lo pa'u datka co jbeni lo bajra — clown is blood kin of grocer
KIN	9	legally adopted	lo pa'u datka co se cnegau lo bajra — clown adopted by grocer's family
HRC	1	bottom of hierarchy	lo pa'u datka cu binra lo bajra — clown subordinate to grocer
HRC	9	head/chief	lo pa'u datka cu te turni lo bajra — clown is grocer's boss
CLG	5	trait/style of culture	lo pa'u datka co tcaci lo ka cmene — clown in circus cultural style
CRE	9	capacity to love	lo pa'u datka cu kakne lo ka prami lo bajra — able to love grocer

Status	Ithkuil	Ithkuil examples	Lojban
💡	APV Alternate Points of View — VxCs -apv- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 no alternate POV considered · 5 live-and-let-live · 9 concede entirely to other POV	alternate POV · ju'a · negotiation Alternate POV negotiation; ju'u/pe'i on stance; deg 9 = concede other view entirely.
✅💡	CLG Cultural or Geo-Demographic Association ) — VxCs -clg- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 language of X · 5 trait/style of X · 9 country/land of X	cultural association · fu'ivla · cmene Cultural/geo-demographic tag; cmene region + trait fu'ivla; pairs §26.18 AAA–AAW areal.
💡	CMF Communication Format — VxCs -cmf- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 via language generally · 5 electronic dissemination · 9 non-linguistic vocalizations	communication format · bangu channel · medium Communication channel; bangu/medium on message; spoken vs electronic vs gesture deg 1→9.
💡	CRD Degree of Crowdedness — VxCs -crd- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 tightly packed · 5 somewhat crowded · 9 utterly sparse/solitary	crowdedness · bancu · jma sparse Crowding density on group; bancu packed ↔ jma sparse; MOI + configuration context.
✅💡	CRE Capacity for a Relationship with an Entity — VxCs -cre- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 capacity to consider X · 5 capacity to appreciate X · 9 capacity to love X	relationship capacity · kakne · empathy Capacity for relationship; kakne/kakne nai'e empathy scale with entity x2.
✅💡	GID Gender Identity — VxCs -gid- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 female identity · 5 non-binary · 9 agender	nanmu/ninmu/remna · gender identity (not sex) Gender identity (social); remna/nanmu/ninmu + identity fu'ivla; distinct from SEX.
✅💡	HRC Position on Social, Occupational, or (Para-) Military Hierarchy — VxCs -hrc- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 bottom rung · 5 mid-level · 9 head/chief/top	hierarchy rank · lo se lidne · military/social Hierarchy rank; lo se lidne/vajni/binra subordinate; military/occupational context.
💡	HSR Hierarchical Sub- and Super-Rankings — VxCs -hsr- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 sub-sub- · 5 multiple sub-sections · 9 super-super	sub/super rank · prefix sub/super Sub/super-rank within HRC; lujvo sub/super + rank term; Type-3 scopes HRC.
✅💡	KIN Kinship Relation — VxCs -kin- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 full-blood relation · 5 double-relation · 9 legally adopted	kinship type · jbeni · rela Kinship type; jbeni/rela/tseingu; blood vs adoptive deg 1→9.
✅💡	KSD Generational/Sequential Kinship Descriptions — VxCs -ksd- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 once removed upward · 5 common-law · 9 once removed downward	generational kin · dzena · removed Generational kin offset; dzena/rirni/tseingu; once-removed up/down deg 1/9.
💡	PSA Personal Association — VxCs -psa- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 job involves X · 5 seeks/pursues X · 9 subject to X	personal association · selci · profession Personal association with X; profession/hobby; selci/jivna/pilno for job involves X.
💡	PUA Private Usage Or Association — VxCs -pua- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 personal use only · 5 known to select group · 9 specific group association	private association · sivni · group Private vs group association; sivni personal use ↔ public group deg 1→9.
💡	SEX Biological) Sex — VxCs -sex- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 born female · 5 intersex · 9 sex-neutral	biological sex · genetic Biological sex (not identity); genetic/intersex/neutral; use GID for social gender.
💡	SID Subjective Identity — VxCs -sid- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 outward cultural identity · 5 peer identity private · 9 private self-conception	si'o + ckaji · subjective identity Subjective identity presentation; si'o + ckaji; outward vs private self deg 1→9.
✅💡	SYM Symbiotic Relationship — VxCs -sym- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 obligate mutualism · 5 optional commensalism · 9 competitive (harmful both)	symbiosis · ecology fu'ivla · mutualism Ecological symbiosis type; mutualism/commensalism/competition; ecology fu'ivla on species pair.

26.10 Bodily position & movement

Lojban conventions (§26.10): Stack on animate sumti or gasnu x₁; describe pose with sanli/zutse/cpacu + FAhA, or posture fu'ivla. Pairs BY1–BY4 §26.11 for body-as-instrument.

Bodily pose mini-paradigm (clown performing):

Affix	deg	Pose	Lojban gloss
BOD	1	supine	lo pa'u datka cu sanli fa'u le loldi — lying on back
BOD	5	upside-down	lo pa'u datka cu sanli fa'u le loldi co fa'u ni'a — upside-down
HND	5	fist	lo pa'u datka cu jgari lo cmaci fi lo xance be ke'a — fist around ball
AR1	1	arms raised	lo pa'u datka cu sanli fi lo xance be ke'a fa'u zu'a — arms up
LEG	5	legs crossed	lo pa'u datka cu zutse fi lo jamfu be ke'a co joi — seated, legs crossed
FP1	1	index extended	lo pa'u datka cu jgari lo degji be ke'a co fa'u — pointing finger

Status	Ithkuil	Ithkuil examples	Lojban
✅💡	AR1 Position Of One’s Arms 1 — VxCs -ar1- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 both arms up parallel · 5 both arms at sides · 9 one arm up vertical	arm position · xance · gesture BAI Arm pose set 1; xance + FAhA/pu'u direction; deg 1=raised parallel ↔ deg 9=one vertical.
✅💡	AR2 Position Of One’s Arms 2 — VxCs -ar2- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 one arm flexed · 5 arms folded on chest · 9 both arms flexed	arm position 2 · xance · gesture Arm pose set 2; folded/flexed variants; gesture fu'ivla on xance.
✅💡	BOD Position Of One’s Core Body (i.e., head and torso, not including limbs) — VxCs -bod- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 supine · 5 upside-down · 9 angled supine	torso orientation · carna · lamji Torso/head orientation; carna/sanli/zunle; supine/prone/upside-down deg 1→9.
✅💡	FP1 Finger Positions 1 — VxCs -fp1- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 index extended · 5 fingers at rest · 9 thumb only	finger position · degji · gesture Finger config 1; degji extended/rest; pointing deg 1 vs rest deg 5.
✅💡	FP2 Finger Positions 2 — VxCs -fp2- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 thumb+pinkie · 5 Vulcan salute · 9 index curled (beckon)	finger position 2 · degji · gesture Finger config 2; thumb+pinkie, beckon curl; sign-language deg 9.
✅💡	HND Hand Position — VxCs -hnd- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 hand extended front · 5 fist · 9 sign-language gestures	hand position · xance · gesture BAI Hand shape; fist/open/sign-language; xance/degji composite.
✅💡	LEG Position Of One’s Legs — VxCs -leg- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 one straight one bent · 5 legs crossed · 9 both legs together	leg position · jamfu · zutse pose Leg pose; jamfu/zutse/sanli; crossed/straight deg 1→9.

26.11 Instrument & utility

Lojban conventions (§26.11): Instrument domain; primary Lojban = pilno/tutci/pi'o BAI on tool sumti. BY* = body parts; TDM/MEC = tools; AUT/SOC = social enablement (cross ENB §26.8).

Instrument mini-paradigm (clown honks horn, walks to store):

Affix	deg	Instrument	Lojban gloss
BY1	5	both hands	lo pa'u datka cu jgari lo cmaci fi'o pilno lo xance — juggles with both hands
BY4	9	claws (metaphor)	lo pa'u datka cu gasnu fi'o pilno lo xance — acts with hands as claws
TDM	1	hand tool	lo pa'u datka cu pilno lo kanba sance — uses horn (hand tool)
TDM	9	automated system	lo pa'u datka cu pilno lo samtcana — uses automated device
MEC	1	on foot	lo pa'u datka cu klama le dinju ta'i lo nu bajra — goes on foot
MEC	5	virtual/electronic	lo pa'u datka cu tavla fi'o pilno lo skami — via computer
MMV	5	marked pathway	lo pa'u datka cu klama le dinju fi le pluta — via the road
AUT	9	formal authority	lo pa'u datka cu turni lo nu gasnu fi'o tutci le turni — acts by authority

Stack pi'o (INS case BAI) or fi'o pilno on instrument sumti; body tools → BY1–BY4 before external TDM.

Status	Ithkuil	Ithkuil examples	Lojban
💡	ACQ Acquisition — VxCs -acq- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 by chance · 5 innate/inherent · 9 by purchase	acquisition means · cpacu · friko How X was obtained; cpacu/friko/vecnu; chance ↔ purchase deg 1→9.
💡	ACS Access Point — VxCs -acs- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 path into X · 5 threshold · 9 two-way path in/out	entryway · klama + pagbu Access/threshold into X; klama+pagbu entryway; path in/out deg 9.
✅💡	AUT Authorization — VxCs -aut- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 personal privilege · 5 personal favor · 9 formal authority	authorization · tutci · curmi Authorization to use; pairs ENB §26.8; curmi/turni/bilga.
💡	BY1 Bodily Instrumentality — VxCs -by1- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 a finger · 5 both hands · 9 both arms	body instrument · pi'o · xance/degji Upper-limb instrument; pi'o lo xance/degji; finger→both arms.
💡	BY2 Bodily Instrumentality 2 — VxCs -by2- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 a toe · 5 both feet · 9 both legs	body instrument 2 · pi'o · jamfu Lower-limb instrument; pi'o lo jamfu; toe→both legs.
💡	BY3 Bodily Instrumentality — VxCs -by3- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 torso · 5 eyes · 9 tongue	body instrument 3 · pi'o · kanla/torso Torso/sense organ tool; pi'o lo kanla/torso/tongue for act.
💡	BY4 Bodily Instrumentality — VxCs -by4- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 mouth/beak · 5 horn/tusk · 9 claws	body instrument 4 · pi'o · mouth/horn Mouth/horn/claw instrument; biting/goring/clawing as pi'o.
💡	CSN Cancellation - Suspension - Nullification - Maintenance — VxCs -csn- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 permanent cancellation · 5 partial suspension · 9 permanent maintenance	cancellation/maintenance · cancu · za'u Cancel/suspend/maintain state of X; cancu/za'u/vitno upkeep.
💡	CVY Means of Transportation/Conveyance — VxCs -cvy- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 holder/stabilizer · 5 manual conveyance · 9 rule for transport	marce · transport means Transport conveyance; marce/klama vehicle; holder→rule deg 1→9.
💡	EPS Energy/Power Source — VxCs -eps- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 fossil fuel · 5 electric · 9 zero-point energy	power source · te'e · fuel type fu'ivla Power/energy source; te'e/fuel fu'ivla; fossil→exotic deg 1→9.
✅💡	LCM Life-Cycle of a Mechanism/Device/Fixture/Machine — VxCs -lcm- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 design/blueprint X · 5 operational test · 9 replace X	device lifecycle · plan→test→vimcu Device lifecycle; blueprint→test→retire; plini/cnino/vimcu.
💡	MAK Making/Constructing — VxCs -mak- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 idea of making X · 5 component of X · 9 type/kind X represents	making/constructing · zbasu · blueprint Making/construction role; zbasu/finti; idea→component→type deg 1→9.
✅💡	MDI Modification (type 2 affixes = specifically designed tool/device) — VxCs -mdi- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 stops X · 5 modifies X · 9 initiates X	modification tool · tutci · gasnu effect Modification tool (Type-2=designed device); stops/initiates/modifies X.
💡	MEA Means for Being or Doing — VxCs -mea- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 holder for being/doing X · 5 manual means · 9 rule for being/doing X	means · tutci · pilno Means for being/doing; tutci/pilno; holder→rule deg 1→9.
✅💡	MEC Type of Mechanical Instrumentality — VxCs -mec- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 on foot/by hand · 5 virtual/electronic · 9 pooled engineering resources	mechanical means · pilno · machine Mechanical means class; hand→electronic→pooled engineering.
💡	MMV Medium Via/Through/Along Which — VxCs -mmv- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 via water surface · 5 marked pathway · 9 blind course	medium/path · cpacu · klama path Medium/path along which; cpacu fi/klama via water/road/course.
💡	MNS Maintenance of a State — VxCs -mns- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 pristine without X · 5 constant X required · 9 X without further upkeep	state maintenance · va'u · upkeep State maintenance; pristine↔constant upkeep required deg 1→9.
✅💡	OAU Origin/Association/Utilization — VxCs -oau- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 hails from X · 5 person associated with X · 9 custom utilizing X	origin/association · ra'i · klama from Origin/association/use of X; fanva/jibni/pilno custom.
✅💡	SOC Type of Social Instrumentality — VxCs -soc- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 via lackeys · 5 indirect w/ knowledge · 9 delegation to experts	social instrumentality · delegation · coercion Social instrumentality; lackeys→delegation; turni/bapra coercion.
✅💡	TDM Tool/Device/Means — VxCs -tdm- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 hand tool · 5 method for X · 9 automated system	tool/device · tutci · pilno Tool/device/means; tutci hand tool→automated system deg 1→9.
✅💡	UTE Utilitative or Enabling Resource — VxCs -ute- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 power source · 5 medium for X · 9 force permitting X	enabling resource · te'e · medium Enabling resource; power/medium/force; pairs EPS/MMV.

26.12 Configurative

Lojban conventions (§26.12): Modifiers on Slot VI Ca (Configuration bundle). DCF/MCF = second-level set-of-sets (§2 intro). SEP/DPR refine §0 separability/dispersion axes. PSS pairs GOI pe/po (§20 POS/PRP). Non-default context/perspective → NCD/NCE §26.13 when Ca saturated.

Configurative mini-paradigm (three clowns at the store):

Affix	deg	Role	Lojban gloss
§2 MSS	—	multiplex similar set	so'imei lo pa'u datka — a group of similar clowns (Ca primary)
MCF	5	MDC multiplex-of-sets	so'imei lo so'imei lo pa'u datka — multiplex of multiplex sets (§2 second level)
DCF	5	DDC duplex-of-sets	remei lo remei lo pa'u datka — duplex of duplex sets
SEP	5	spatio-temporally integrated	lo pa'u datka cu joi le vorme — clowns integrated with store locale
SEP	1	spatially connected only	lo pa'u datka cu stodi le vorme — clowns spatially linked, not temporally
DPR	5	scattered/sporadic	lo pa'u datka cu sepli le vorme — clowns scattered around store
ITG	1	complete whole	lo ro pa'u datka cu mulno — complete clown troupe
SBS	1	any random member	pa lo pa'u datka — any one clown from the set
PSS	1	temporary use	lo pa'u datka pe le vorme — clown using store space (circumstantial)
PSS	5	personal ownership	lo pa'u datka po mi — my clown (personal po)
NCD	9	abstract + RPV essence	non-default context+perspective stack when Ca full (§4/§11 adjunct)

Status	Ithkuil	Ithkuil examples	Lojban
💡	CGL Motive/Reason for Conglomeration of Gestalt Entity — VxCs -cgl- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 forced against will · 5 by random chance · 9 voluntary association	reason for grouping · krasi · bilga Reason members grouped; krasi/bilga/zukte; forced↔voluntary deg 1→9.
💡	DCF 2nd-Level Duplex Configurative Set of 1st-Level Sets — VxCs -dcf- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 DSS duplex set · 5 DDC duplex set · 9 DFF duplex set	Configuration CA-stack · klesi set-of-sets Duplex-of-sets configurative; §2 second-level; stacks on Ca.
💡	DPR Dispersion or Separability of a Configurative Set — VxCs -dpr- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 contiguous mass/pile · 5 scattered/sporadic · 9 contiguous [temporary]	dispersion · srana · mapku cluster Dispersion of set members; contiguous pile↔scattered; mapku/sepli.
✅💡	EPP Edible or Autonomous Plant Parts/Components — VxCs -epp- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 seed/nut · 5 flower · 9 tuber/bulb	plant-part fu'ivla · spati Edible/autonomous plant part; spati/grute/panlo; seed→tuber deg 1→9.
✅💡	ERN Entity and Relationship Within A Semantic Network — VxCs -ern- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 concept node in X network · 5 node + relationships · 9 concept + its network role	node in network · jgena link · si'o concept Node in semantic network; si'o concept + jgena links; pairs SMN.
💡	ITG Integrity of a Configurative Set — VxCs -itg- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 complete/whole/full · 5 partial/compromised · 9 disorganized/no set	integrity · mulno · cneti partial Set integrity; complete whole↔disorganized; mulno/cneti.
💡	MCF 2nd-Level Multiplex Configurative Set of 1st-Level Sets — VxCs -mcf- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 MSS multiplex set · 5 MDC multiplex set · 9 MFF multiplex set	multiplex configurative · gunma Multiplex-of-sets configurative; §2 second-level.
💡	PSS Degree of Alienable Possession — VxCs -pss- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 circumstantial/temporary use · 5 own/personal [official] · 9 secret concealed unique custom	possession · po · selpo'e · sivni Alienable possession degree; pe temporary↔po official↔ secret sivni.
💡	PWC Part/Whole Componential Metaphors — VxCs -pwc- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 support/leg/base · 5 side/flank · 9 end-manipulator/hand	componential metaphor · selste part-of Part-whole componential metaphor; leg/base, flank; selste/pagbu.
💡	PWF Part/Whole Functional Metaphors — VxCs -pwf- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 engine/motor/heart · 5 skeleton/frame · 9 communication interface/voice	functional metaphor · se jicmu role Part-whole functional metaphor; heart/engine, frame, voice interface.
💡	SBS Subset of Configurative Set — VxCs -sbs- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 any single random member · 5 subset of unknown type · 9 single select member	subset · so'o · pagbu of set Subset of configurative set; random member↔selected member; so'o/ra subset.
💡	SDP Subset of Duplex Set — VxCs -sdp- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 first/lead half of duplex · 5 midpoint between halves · 9 trailing half of duplex	duplex subset · half/part lujvo Duplex half selection; lead/mid/trail half of pair; pamoi/rajymoi.
✅💡	SEP Spatio-Temporal Separability of a Configurative Set — VxCs -sep- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 logical connectedness (spatial) · 5 spatio-temporally integrated · 9 logical connectedness (temporal)	separability · spatial/temporal joi Spatio-temporal separability; spatial vs temporal connectedness of members.
💡	SMN Semantic Network — VxCs -smn- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 network of places · 5 full semantic frame of X · 9 network of concepts	semantic network/frame · ja'u milieu of X Semantic network/frame; places↔concepts; ja'u milieu of X.
✅💡	SPP Structural Plant Parts — VxCs -spp- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 root · 5 twig · 9 stalk	fu'ivla · bisli Structural plant part; root/twig/stalk; botany fu'ivla on spati.
💡	SPS Superset — VxCs -sps- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 sufficient members for sub-patterns · 5 interdependent super-system · 9 synergistic complexity	superset · gunma higher-order Superset containing sub-patterns; higher-order gunma/ciste.
💡	SYS Networks & Systems — VxCs -sys- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 element in network · 5 autopoietic synergy · 9 bound node in network	network/system · ciste · jarco milieu Network/system membership; element↔bound node; ciste/jgena.
💡	TIG Degree of Tightness or Flexibility — VxCs -tig- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 rigid/tight · 5 normal flexibility · 9 very loose/flexible	tightness · cnino rigid · slabu loose Tightness/flexibility of aggregate; rigid↔loose; material property on set.
💡	†cunli Affiliation type of an aggregate	coalescent vs variative membership	†cunli: x1 (aggregate) has purpose-alignment type x2 among members Umbrella selector; see §3
💡	†kafni Overall configuration type selector	plexity × similarity × separability	†kafni: x1 has configuration type x2 Optional umbrella; see §0–§2

26.13 Discourse, topic & grammar

Lojban conventions (§26.13): Discourse/grammar adjuncts when Slot VIII/IX categories are occupied. Key bundles mirror core §§12–19: VAL (§12), PHS (§14), IVL (§18–§19.1), SNC (§19.2), NEG (negation scope).

Discourse/grammar bundle mini-paradigm (clown asks grocer at the store — Slot VIII/IX saturated, adjunct encodes):

Affix	deg / Type	Role	Lojban gloss
VAL	5	CPL complementary	lo pa'u datka jgari lo cmaci .e lo bajra gasnu lo nu troci — clown and grocer both juggle (§12)
PHS	1	PCT punctual	lo pa'u datka co'a sance — clown honks once (§14 punctual)
PHS	5	RCT recurrent	lo pa'u datka co'u sance — clown honks repeatedly
IVL	1	ASR + OBS	.i za'a lo pa'u datka cu zvati le dinju — I observe the clown is at the store
IVL	5	PFM performative	.i lo cmene be do cu zukte — I hereby name you … (performative)
IVL	Type 3	EXE expectation	responsive/executive expectation frame on prior IVL (§19.1)
SNC	5	RFU refutative	.oi pe'i — refutable claim overlay (§19.2 optional)
NEG	1	emphatic relative neg	na go'i nai — contrary to expectation, not so!
NEG	9	absolute negation	na'e ro da — emphatic absolute negation
TPF	5	sentence topic	fa'o lo pa'u datka cu zvati le dinju — as for the clown, …
TPF	9	sentence focus	fa'u lo pa'u datka cu zvati — it is the clown who is there
SWR	1	nearest antecedent	goi la pa'u datka — switch-ref to nearest clown mention
DPC	1	only if dependency true	ganbi lo nu lo bajra cu zvati ke'a gi lo pa'u datka cu klama — clown goes only if grocer is there (§20 DEP)
DPC	9	precautionary	va'o lo nu lo pluja cu zenba ke'a gi lo pa'u datka cu bajra — in case rain increases, clown runs
VWP	1	speaker POV	ma'i mi lo pa'u datka cu cinri — from my POV the clown is interesting
VWP	9	addressee POV	ma'i do lo pa'u datka cu cinri — from your POV the clown is interesting
NCD	9	abstract + RPV	non-default context/perspective when Ca stack full (§4/§11)

Stack order when multiple bundles: TPF (topic) → IVL → VAL → PHS → SNC overlay → NEG scope modifier (Type-3 on prior affix when narrow).

Status	Ithkuil	Ithkuil examples	Lojban
💡	AFM Degree of Affirmation — VxCs -afm- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 emphatic yes (contrary to expectation) · 5 yes to all and also X · 9 emphatic absolute yes	affirmation · ja'e indeed · go'i yes Affirmation degree; go'i/ja'e/je'e; emphatic yes contrary to expectation at deg 1.
💡	ARO Adverse Role — VxCs -aro- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 cause of problem · 5 source of conflict · 9 weapon	adverse role · srera · antagonist Adverse role of X; antagonist/cause-of-problem; srera/rinka problem source.
💡	AVP Misc. Adverbial Phrases — VxCs -avp- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 yet/still · 5 on first blush · 9 moreover	misc adverbial · ja'e · hedge phrases Misc adverbial hedge; ja'e/ku'i/ji'a; yet/still/moreover by degree.
💡	BAS Basis — VxCs -bas- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 abstract/intellectual premise · 5 tangible basis · 9 abstract foundation for X	basis · nuncni · krasi · kicu premise Basis/premise for claim; nuncni/krasi/kicu; abstract↔tangible deg 1→9.
💡	CNT Degree of Centrality — VxCs -cnt- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 beyond confines · 5 throughout interior · 9 perfectly central	midju: center · nenri: interior · cpacu: periphery/edge Centrality locus of X (not aspect CNT §15); interior vs peripheral degree.
💡	DPC Dependent Circumstances — VxCs -dpc- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 only if dependency true · 5 regardless true/false · 9 precautionary in case of X	ganbi if · DEP case · va'o whether Dependent circumstances; links DEP case §20; ganbi/va'o.
💡	DPT Depiction/Representation/Record — VxCs -dpt- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 symbol/logo for X · 5 depiction/illustration · 9 map/schematic of X	depiction · sinxa · cmene title · map Depiction/representation; sinxa/cmene/map; symbol→schematic deg 1→9.
✅💡	EML Emulation — VxCs -eml- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 inferred/seeming X · 5 treated as so-called X · 9 wished-for X	emulation · lifri as-if · se sinxa Emulation/as-if; lifri/se sinxa; inferred↔wished-for deg 1→9.
💡	FRO Functional Role — VxCs -fro- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 X as toy · 5 X as gift · 9 X as tool	functional role · se jicmu · toy/tool Functional role metaphor; toy/gift/tool; se jicmu role assignment.
💡	HG1 Linguistic Hedges (1st group) — VxCs -hg1- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 technically speaking · 5 essentially/basically · 9 par excellence	hedge · sa'enai · ca'i technically Linguistic hedge group 1; sa'enai/ca'i; technically/essentially/par excellence.
💡	HG2 Linguistic Hedges (2nd group) — VxCs -hg2- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 in a manner of speaking · 5 loosely speaking · 9 for all I know	hedge · si'o in a sense · la'e so-called Linguistic hedge group 2; si'o/la'e; manner-of-speaking/for-all-I-know.
✅💡	VAL Valence — VxCs -val- (degrees 1–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 MNO monoactive · 3 CRO corollary · 5 CPL complementary · 9 PTI participative	§12 valence · co-activity place policy Framed/adjunct valence when Slot VIII Vn full; deg n = §12 nth pattern. Source: affixes PDF v1.0.1.
✅💡	IVL Illocution + Validation + Expectation — VxCs -ivl- (PDF label IVE; degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3 = COG/RSP/EXE)	1 ASR+OBS · 5 PFM · 9 ASR+INF; Type-2 = responsive expectation	§18–§19.1 · UI2 evidentials · ko/xu/ma Framed VK substitute; deg 0 = ASR + unspecified validation; deg 5 = performative illocution; Types 1/2/3 = cognitive/responsive/executive expectation. Source: affixes PDF v1.0.1 · morphology v0.16 §3.12.3.4.
💡	MET Metonymic Categories — VxCs -met- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 part for whole · 5 institution for people · 9 attribute for owner	metonymy · sinxa part-for-whole Metonymy degree; part-for-whole, institution-for-people; sinxa metonymic.
💡	MLR Meta-level representation/coordination/analysis — VxCs -mlr- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 formal theory of X · 5 illustration/graphic · 9 map/blueprint of X	meta-representation · selsku theory · sinxa model Meta-level representation; theory/illustration/map of X; selsku/sinxa model.
💡	MMA Metaphor / Metonym / Allusion — VxCs -mma- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 functioning as metaphor · 5 literal/no figurative · 9 metaphor for X	metaphor/allusion · selsinxa figurative Metaphor/allusion flag; figurative vs literal; selsinxa figurative speech.
💡	NCD Non-Default Context + Non-Default Perspective — VxCs -ncd- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 FNC functional + agglomerative · 5 default context · 9 abstract + RPV essence	context+perspective · §11 configuration Non-default Context+Perspective Ca-stack; §4 Context + §11 Perspective.
💡	NCE Non-Default Context + Essence ( + polyadic Perspective) — VxCs -nce- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 FNC functional + normal essence · 5 default · 9 RPV essence + agglomerative	context+essence · §11 essence Non-default Context+Essence; §4 + §5 Essence (NRM/RPV).
✅	NEG Negation and Negative Coordinatives/Connectives — VxCs -neg- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 emphatic relative negation (contrary!) · 5 neither preceding nor X · 9 emphatic absolute negation	na · naku · relative/absolute degrees Negation/connective degrees; na/naku/relative vs absolute scope.
💡	PHS Phase — VxCs -phs- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 PCT punctual · 5 RCT recurrent · 9 FLC fluctuative	phase bundle → §10 phases Phase bundle; deg 1–9 = PCT…FLC per §14; alternative to Slot VIII Vn.
💡	SIA Status of Inferred Arguments — VxCs -sia- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 only explicit args inferred · 5 affective stimulus only · 9 situative/dependent context OK	inferred args · place-structure policy · selsku Inferred-argument policy; which places may be elided/inferred in bridi.
✅💡	SNC Sanction (optional) — VxCs -snc- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 PPS ontological · 3 ALG allegation · 5 RFU refutative · 9 AXM axiomatic	§19 validation overlay · jetnu/ka'u/pe'i/ca'e by degree Optional refutability/ontology tag; mandatory evidentiality stays in §19/IVL. Degrees: PPS,EPI,ALG,IPU,RFU,REB,CJT,EXV,AXM.
💡	SRO Subjective Role — VxCs -sro- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 X as cause/source · 5 X as result · 9 X as solution	subjective role · krasi · goal/object Subjective role; X as cause/result/solution; krasi/goal/object framing.
✅💡	SWR Switch Reference & Obviative Specification — VxCs -swr- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 nearest preceding referent · 5 first referent mentioned · 9 higher-order transrelative	switch-reference · goi · obviative · ko'a chain Switch-reference/obviative; goi/ko'a chain for discourse anaphora.
✅💡	TPF Topic, Frame and Focus — VxCs -tpf- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 nearest preceding referent · 5 sentence topic · 9 sentence focus	la/fa'o topic · relative-clause head · focus Topic/frame/focus; fa'o/la topic · relative head · focus particle.
💡	UDE Undesirable Entailments — VxCs -ude- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 limitation entailed · 5 disturbance caused · 9 mess/botched situation	undesirable entailment · rinka problem Undesirable entailment; limitation/disturbance/mess; rinka problem side-effect.
💡	VRF Verifiability of Info & Trustworthiness of its Source — VxCs -vrf- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 trustworthy + verifiable · 5 trust/source unknown · 9 untrustworthy + unverifiable	evidential · UI · junri · §19 validation Trust/verifiability gradient; complements §19 validation UI2.
💡	VWP From Viewpoint/Perspective of — VxCs -vwp- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 speaker POV · 5 undetermined party · 9 listener POV	ma'i POV · ba'u according to speaker/listener Viewpoint POV; ma'i/ba'u by speaker/listener/undetermined.

26.14 Sensory

Lojban conventions (§26.14): Sensory-domain adjuncts; map modality to sensa + channel gismu (viska/sance/panlo/vanju/tgla). Degree 1 = direct association; deg 9 = experiential/reactive frame.

Sensory channel mini-paradigm (same referent: red apple):

Channel	Affix	deg 1 (of X)	deg 9 (while experiencing X)	Lojban
Visual	VIS	look of apple	what one sees looking at apple	le skari be lo plise · mi viska lo plise
Aural	AUR	sound of apple (crunch)	sound when listening to apple	le sance be lo nu katna · mi sance lo nu katna
Olfactory	OLF	odor of apple	odor emanating from apple	le panlo be lo plise · lo panlo cu se panlo fi lo plise
Gustatory	GST	flavor of apple	flavor when consuming apple	le vanju be lo plise · mi vanju lo plise
Tactile	TCT	texture of apple	texture when touching apple	le tgla be lo plise · mi tgla lo plise
Reactive	SNX	tactile contact	post-experiential assessment	mi sanji lo nu mi tgla · .ui/oi reaction

Status	Ithkuil	Ithkuil examples	Lojban
✅💡	AUR Aural Associations — VxCs -aur- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 sound of X · 5 sound with similar effect to X · 9 sound when listening to X	sound association · sance · sensa Sound association of X; sance/sance; sound-of↔while-listening deg 1→9.
💡	CLD Color Dimensions — VxCs -cld- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 pale/extra-light tinted · 5 medium-colored · 9 deep extra-dark	color dimension · lightness/saturation · skari Color lightness/saturation dimension; skari/blanu/carmine; pale↔deep deg 1→9.
💡	COL Color Attributes — VxCs -col- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 shiny/glossy · 5 X-colored · 9 dull/flat/matte	color attribute · gloss/transparency · skari Color surface attribute; gloss/matte/X-colored; skari/blanu/carmine.
💡	FEA Featural Properties — VxCs -fea- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 functional piece of X · 5 instance of X · 9 example of X	feature/property · ckinu Featural property of X; functional piece↔example instance; ckinu/lo'e.
✅💡	GST Gustatory Associations — VxCs -gst- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 flavor of X · 5 flavor with similar effect to X · 9 flavor when consuming X	taste association · vanju · sensa Taste/flavor association; vanju/sensa; flavor-of↔while-consuming deg 1→9.
✅💡	MIA Musical Instrument Attributes — VxCs -mia- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 non-pitched instrument · 5 multi-surface tuned pitches · 9 electronically amplified	instrument pitch/range · jgari · music fu'ivla Musical instrument pitch class; non-pitched↔amplified; jgari/music fu'ivla.
💡	MST Degree of Moisture — VxCs -mst- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 sopping/drenched · 5 damp/moist · 9 desiccated	moisture · litki amount · clani Moisture degree on X; sopping↔desiccated; litki amount/clani.
💡	NVS Non-Visible Spectral Regions — VxCs -nvs- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 long radio wavelengths · 5 near infrared · 9 gamma rays	non-visible spectrum · physics wavelength Non-visible wavelength band; radio↔gamma; physics fu'ivla on spectrum.
✅💡	OLF Olfactory Associations — VxCs -olf- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 odor of X · 5 odor similar effect to X · 9 odor emanating from X	smell association · panlo · sensa Smell/odor association; panlo/sensa; odor-of↔emanating-from deg 1→9.
💡	PAT Common 2-Dimensional Decorative/Featural Patterns — VxCs -pat- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 checker-patterned · 5 striped · 9 grid-like/screen-like	2-D pattern · cinta · decorative 2-D decorative pattern on X; checker↔grid; cinta/pattern fu'ivla.
✅💡	SNX Sensory Experience or Reaction — VxCs -snx- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 tactile contact with X · 5 emotional reaction to undergoing X · 9 post-experiential assessment of X	sensory experience · sanji · UI reaction Sensory experience/reaction to X; tactile contact↔post-assessment; sanji/UI.
✅💡	TCT Tactile Associations — VxCs -tct- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 texture of X · 5 texture similar effect to X · 9 texture when touching X	touch texture · tgla · sensa Touch/texture association; tgla/sensa; texture-of↔while-touching deg 1→9.
💡	TEM Temperature — VxCs -tem- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 freezing · 5 room temperature · 9 boiling/scalding	temperature · trajybe · kufle Temperature of X; freezing↔scalding; trajybe/kufle/dunli.
✅💡	VIS Visual Associations — VxCs -vis- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 look of X · 5 look with similar effect to X · 9 what one sees looking at X	visual association · viska · sensa Visual look of X; viska/sensa; look-of↔what-one-sees deg 1→9.
💡	VSR Visible Spectral Regions — VxCs -vsr- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 red(dish) · 5 cyan/azure · 9 white/bright multi-wavelength	visible hue · skari · color fu'ivla Visible hue band; red↔white multi-wavelength; skari/color fu'ivla.

26.15 Math, measurement & science

Lojban conventions (§26.15): Measurement/science adjuncts; encode unit or operator in mekso (te'u/su'i/…) or attach SI/imperial fu'ivla to quantity sumti. Degree selects scale step within bundle (often Planck→everyday→astronomical).

Math/mekso mini-paradigm (clown counts toys):

Affix	deg	Ithkuil gist	Lojban gloss
BAO	1	plus X	li re su'i li pa du li ci — 2 plus 1 equals 3
BAO	9	X to the Yth power	li re te'u li mu du li re pi'i re pi'i re pi'i re pi'i re — 2⁵
MTR	1	equals X	li re du li re — 2 equals 2
MTR	5	less than X	li pa mau li re — 1 is less than 2
MTR	9	proportional to X	lo ni clani be lo pa'u datka cu simsa lo ni clani be lo bajra — clown height ∝ grocer height
TGO	1	sin X	lo sin be lo degji be lo pa'u datka — sin of clown's angle
SMO	9	X factorial	li re fa'ai — 2!
LDA	5	meters	lo mitre be li li — 3 meters (clown height)
MAS	5	kilograms	lo grake be li mu — 5 kg
NDB	1	base-2 binary	li pa pi'i re pi'i re du li li no — binary 110 = decimal 6 toys

Functional groups GPA–GPH: attach as lujvo/fu'ivla suffix on compound stem (e.g. metan/etanol/benzen); see quick-map below.

Status	Ithkuil	Ithkuil examples	Lojban
✅💡	AMC Number of Atoms in a Molecular Compound — VxCs -amc- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 deca- (10 atoms) · 5 penta- · 9 nona- (mono = no suffix)	Greek number prefix · chemistry fu'ivla Greek atom-count prefix on compound; deca↔nona; chemistry fu'ivla -ane series.
✅💡	ANG Angular Measurement — VxCs -ang- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 points · 5 radians · 9 degrees	angle units · jgena · radians Angle unit selector; points↔degrees; jgena + mekso rad/deg.
✅💡	ARM Areal Measurement — VxCs -arm- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 barns · 5 hectares · 9 myriads	area units · tsali · hectares Area unit; barns↔myriads; tsali/mitre² SI or imperial.
✅💡	ASP Attributes of Sub-Atomic Particles — VxCs -asp- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 antimatter opposite charge · 5 mass · 9 C-parity	particle physics · fu'ivla Subatomic particle attribute; charge/mass/C-parity; physics fu'ivla.
✅💡	BAO Basic Arithmetical Operations — VxCs -bao- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 plus X · 5 plus or minus X · 9 raised to Xth power	mekso · su'i/vu'u/pi/te'u Basic arithmetic op on mekso; su'i/vu'u/pi/te'u by degree.
✅💡	CFQ “Colors” and “Flavors” of Quarks — VxCs -cfq- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 up quark · 5 green · 9 down quark	quark flavor/color · physics fu'ivla Quark flavor/color name; up/down/strange; physics fu'ivla.
✅💡	CNW Conway Polyhedral Mathematical Operations — VxCs -cnw- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 dual · 5 kis · 9 ambo	polyhedron ops · Conway notation Conway polyhedron operator; dual/kis/ambo; geometry notation.
✅💡	CPI Polyatomic Cations — VxCs -cpi- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 ammonium · 5 -ide anion · 9 disulfide config	cation names · kation fu'ivla Polyatomic cation name; ammonium↔disulfide; kation fu'ivla.
✅💡	EGY Initiating Force/Energy of a Motion/Trajectory/Appearance/Change-in-State — VxCs -egy- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 spring forth/release energy · 5 keep running/fueled · 9 agitated/heated externally	initiating energy · rinka · motion onset Initiating energy of motion/change; spring-forth↔externally heated; rinka onset.
✅💡	EMA Electro-Magnetic Measurement A — VxCs -ema- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 amperes · 5 coulombs · 9 henrys	current/charge units · SI EM EM units set A; amperes↔henrys; SI current/charge/inductance.
✅💡	EMB Electro-Magnetic Measurement B — VxCs -emb- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 ohms · 5 teslas · 9 ohm·meters	resistance/field units EM units set B; ohms↔ohm·m; resistance/field density.
✅💡	EMC Electro-Magnetic Measurement C — VxCs -emc- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 volts/meter · 5 A/m² · 9 C/kg	field density units EM units set C; V/m↔C/kg; field/intensity units.
✅💡	EMU Energy Measurement Units — VxCs -emu- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 Planck energy · 5 joules · 9 quads	energy units · physics mekso Energy units; Planck↔quads; joule-scale mekso.
✅💡	FMU Force Measurement Units — VxCs -fmu- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 Planck force · 5 newtons · 9 ton-forces	force units · newtons Force units; Planck↔ton-force; newton-scale mekso.
💡	GPA Functional Group A — VxCs -gpa- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 methane/-ane · 5 benzene/phenyl · 9 iodo-	metan · benzen · iod fu'ivla Hydrocarbon skeleton; deg 1 alkane (metan) · deg 5 aromatic ring (benzen) · deg 9 halogen (iod).
💡	GPB Functional Group B — VxCs -gpb- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 ethanol/-ol · 5 carbonate ester · 9 methoxy	etanol · karbonat ester · metoksi Oxygen functional; deg 1 -ol (etanol) · deg 5 carbonate ester · deg 9 ether (metoksi).
💡	GPC Functional Group C — VxCs -gpc- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 hydroperoxide · 5 hemiacetal · 9 orthocarbonate	peroxide · hemiacetal · orthocarbonate fu'ivla Peroxide/ether/acetal series; deg 1 ROOH · deg 5 hemiacetal · deg 9 orthocarbonate.
💡	GPD Functional Group D — VxCs -gpd- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 methylenedioxy · 5 methylamine · 9 azide	methylenedioxy · amin · azid fu'ivla Nitrogen functional; deg 1 methylenedioxy bridge · deg 5 primary amine · deg 9 azide (azid).
💡	GPE Functional Group E — VxCs -gpe- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 ketimine · 5 azo/diazene · 9 nitrite	imine · azo · nitrit fu'ivla Imine/azo/nitroso; deg 1 ketimine · deg 5 azo (azo) · deg 9 nitrite (nitrit).
💡	GPF Functional Group F — VxCs -gpf- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 acetonitrile · 5 oxime · 9 phosphonic acid	nitril · oxime · fosfat fu'ivla Nitrile/phosphorus; deg 1 nitrile (nitril) · deg 5 oxime · deg 9 phosphonic acid.
💡	GPG Functional Group G — VxCs -gpg- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 phosphate · 5 borinic acid · 9 carbonothioyl	fosfat · borinic · thiocarbonyl fu'ivla Phosphate/boron/thiocarbonyl; deg 1 phosphate ester · deg 5 borinic · deg 9 C=S (tiokarbonil).
💡	GPH Functional Group H — VxCs -gph- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 methanethiol · 5 sulfoxide · 9 sulfonic acid	tiol · sulfoxide · sulfonat fu'ivla Sulfur organic; deg 1 thiol (tiol) · deg 5 sulfoxide · deg 9 sulfonic acid (sulfonat).
💡	GPJ Functional Group J — VxCs -gpj- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 thiocyanate · 5 thioic S-acid · 9 dithioate	organic functional group · thioacid/thioester Functional group J; thiocyanate↔dithioate; thioacid/thioester.
💡	ION Ionic Compounding Elements — VxCs -ion- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 +1 transition metal · 5 hydro-acid · 9 -1 anion	ionic charge pattern · chemistry Ionic charge pattern; +1 metal↔−1 anion; -ate/-ide naming.
✅💡	LDA Linear Dimensional Measurement A — VxCs -lda- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 Planck lengths · 5 meters · 9 parsecs	metric length · mitre · clani Metric length; Planck↔parsecs; mitre/clani SI scale.
✅💡	LDB Linear Dimensional Measurement B — VxCs -ldb- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 inches · 5 rods · 9 leagues	imperial length · mitre Imperial length; inches↔leagues; non-SI mitre fu'ivla.
💡	LOA Luminance & Optics A — VxCs -loa- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 candelas · 5 lux · 9 lux·seconds	luminance · candela/lux Luminance/optics A; candelas↔lux·s; photometry SI.
💡	LOB Luminance & Optics B — VxCs -lob- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 lm/m² · 5 foot-lamberts · 9 brils	optics · lumens/diopters Luminance/optics B; lm/m²↔brils; foot-lambert/diopter.
💡	LTM Long-TermTemp. Meas. — VxCs -ltm- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 per century · 5 per age (10⁶ yr) · 9 per billion years	geological temci · centuries–eons Geological temci rate; per century↔per billion years; long-scale temci.
✅💡	MAS Measurement of Mass — VxCs -mas- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 Planck masses · 5 kilograms · 9 solar masses	mass units · grams/solar masses Mass units; Planck↔solar masses; grake/kilna scale.
✅💡	MTR Mathematical Relations — VxCs -mtr- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 equals X · 5 less than X · 9 proportional to X	mekso relation · du'e · < · proportional Math relation operator; equals↔proportional; mekso du'e/</proportional.
✅💡	NDB Non-Decimal Number Bases — VxCs -ndb- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 base-2 binary · 5 base-12 · 9 base-60	PA base · binary/hex/dozenal Number base; binary↔base-60; PA with explicit radix.
✅💡	OEM Other Energy Measurement Units — VxCs -oem- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 watts · 5 rads · 9 janskys	power/dose units · watts/sieverts Other energy/power units; watts↔janskys; rad/sievert astronomy.
✅💡	PIA Polyatomic Ions A — VxCs -pia- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 sulfate · 5 carbonate · 9 iodate	polyatomic anion · chemistry fu'ivla Polyatomic anion A; sulfate↔iodate; chemistry fu'ivla.
✅💡	PIB Polyatomic Ions B — VxCs -pib- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 sulfite · 5 hydroxide · 9 iodite	polyatomic anion · chemistry fu'ivla Polyatomic anion B; sulfite↔iodite; -ite/hydroxide series.
✅💡	PIC Polyatomic Ions C — VxCs -pic- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 peroxide · 5 oxide · 9 oxalate	polyatomic anion · chemistry fu'ivla Polyatomic anion C; peroxide↔oxalate; oxide/peroxide naming.
✅💡	PID Polyatomic Ions D — VxCs -pid- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 thiocyanate · 5 permanganate · 9 benzoate	polyatomic anion · chemistry fu'ivla Polyatomic anion D; thiocyanate↔benzoate; complex anions.
✅💡	PMU Pressure Measurement Units — VxCs -pmu- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 bars · 5 pascals · 9 atmospheres	pressure · pascals/bars Pressure units; bars↔atmospheres; pascal-scale mekso.
✅💡	SMO Secondary Mathematical Operations — VxCs -smo- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 mod X · 5 base-X · 9 X-factorial	mekso advanced · ni'u log · factorial Secondary mekso; mod/base-X/factorial; ni'u log advanced ops.
💡	TGO Trigonometric Operations — VxCs -tgo- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 sin X · 5 arccos X · 9 tanh X	trig mekso · sin/cos/tan Trig functions; sin↔tanh; mekso sin/cos/tan family.
✅💡	TMS Temperature Measurement System — VxCs -tms- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 Planck temperature · 5 kelvins · 9 degrees Réaumur	temperature scale · kelvin/°C/°F Temperature scale; Planck↔Réaumur; kelvin/°C/°F selector.
✅💡	TPM Temporal Measurement — VxCs -tpm- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 per minute · 5 per month · 9 per lifetime	calendar temci · minutes–lifetimes Calendar temci rate; per minute↔per lifetime; human-scale intervals.
✅💡	USM Ultra-Short Temporal Measurement — VxCs -usm- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 yoctoseconds · 5 picoseconds · 9 seconds	subsecond measure · temci fine Ultra-short temci; yoctoseconds↔seconds; subsecond temci.
✅💡	VAM Velocity and Acceleration Measurement — VxCs -vam- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 km/h · 5 µm/s · 9 mph	velocity units · sutra · mekso Velocity/acceleration units; km/h↔mph; sutra + mekso.
✅💡	VMA Volumetric Measurement A — VxCs -vma- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 cubic Planck · 5 cubic meters · 9 cubic parsecs	metric volume · mitre³ Metric volume; cubic Planck↔cubic parsecs; mitre³.
✅💡	VMB Volumetric Measurement B — VxCs -vmb- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 cubic inches · 5 cubic rods · 9 cubic leagues	imperial volume Imperial volume; cubic inches↔cubic leagues.
✅💡	VMC Volumetric Measurement C — VxCs -vmc- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 minims · 5 milliliters · 9 barrels	fluid measure · mitre³ Fluid measure; minims↔barrels; ml/barrel fu'ivla.

26.16 Connective & coordinative

Lojban conventions (§26.16): Connective adjuncts mirror JOI/BO/ce/ce'o/jonai/xor with degree-controlled scope (sequential vs concurrent vs distributive). Stack with NEG §26.13 for negative coordinatives.

Connective mini-paradigm (clown and grocer at the store):

Affix	Pattern	Lojban gloss
COO deg 1	sequential shared topic	.i lo pa'u datka ce lo bajra cu zvati — clown and grocer (one after another, same topic)
COO deg 9	concurrent shared topic	.i lo pa'u datka joi lo bajra cu zvati — clown and grocer (at the same time)
IOR deg 1	inclusive or, sequential	.i lo pa'u datka .a lo bajra cu zvati — clown and/or grocer (either order)
XOR deg 1	exclusive or	.i lo pa'u datka .onai lo bajra cu zvati — clown xor grocer
DST deg 9	each fairly	.i lo pa'u datka joi lo bajra cu zvati fa'u lo pa datka fa'u lo pa bajra — each at their own place
CTR deg 1	but/yet	.i lo pa'u datka cu zvati .iku'i lo bajra cu cliva — clown is here, but grocer left
NEG deg 5	neither X nor prior	.i na lo pa'u datka .onai lo bajra cu zvati — neither clown nor grocer

Status	Ithkuil	Ithkuil examples	Lojban
✅💡	ADT Adverbial Additives — VxCs -adt- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 X too/also · 5 and concurrent consequence · 9 X also [at same time]	additive adverbial · joi also Adverbial additive; X too/also/concurrent; joi/ji'a/ku'i also-frame.
✅💡	COO Coordinative/Additive — VxCs -coo- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 and sequential shared topic · 5 neutral and · 9 and concurrent shared topic	additive connective · joi · ce Coordinative additive; sequential↔concurrent and; joi/ce shared topic.
💡	CTR Adverbial Contrastiveness — VxCs -ctr- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 but/yet/still · 5 except for X · 9 exclusive to X only	contrastive · ku'i · se except Contrastive adverbial; but/yet/except; ku'i/se/exclusive-only deg 9.
✅💡	DST Distributive Coordination — VxCs -dst- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 each equally [unfairly] · 5 respectively in order · 9 each equally [fairly]	distributive · joi each · fair/unfair allocation Distributive coordination; each fairly↔respectively; joi fair allocation.
💡	IOR Inclusive “OR” — VxCs -ior- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 and/or sequential · 5 unspecified simultaneity · 9 and/or concurrent	inclusive or · jonai · A jo B Inclusive OR; and/or sequential↔concurrent; jonai/A jo B.
💡	PXR Partially Exclusive “OR” — VxCs -pxr- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 partial-or sequential (≤n-1 of n) · 5 neutral partial-or · 9 partial-or concurrent	partial exclusive or · connective Partial exclusive OR; ≤n−1 of n; connective partial-or pattern.
💡	XOR Exclusive “Or” and Contrastive Adverbials — VxCs -xor- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 xor sequential · 5 but/on contrary · 9 or whatever else	exclusive or · xor · se contrast Exclusive OR/contrast; xor sequential↔or-whatever-else; xor/se contrast.

26.17 Case-accessor, inverse-accessor & case-stacking

Each §20 case has ACCESSOR (Types 1/2/3), INVERSE.ACCESSOR, and CASE-STACK forms (PDF cases 1–68). Use when case cannot fit in Slot IX Vc or for inverse/stacked roles.

Lojban conventions (§26.17): Map ACCESSOR:CAS to fi'o + §20 case tag (or BAI/FAhA for spatial/temporal cases). Type-1 = entity bearing the case role; Type-2 = designation/role name; Type-3 scopes only the preceding VxCs. INVERSE.ACCESSOR flips semantic role (se gasnu, se pilno, …). CASE-STACK chains two cases on one formative (order + TPF §26.13 disambiguate). VX series 1–4 = PDF consonant-series grouping (cases 37–68 use alt CS).

VX series quick-map (ACCESSOR case → series; see §20 index):

VX series	Cases (#)	PDF group	CS note
1	1–9 THM–IND	Transrelative	standard -sy-/-zy-/… series
2	10–18 POS–PAR	Appositive	standard CS
3	19–27 APL–CSD	Associative	standard CS
4	28–36 FUN–SIT	Adverbial	standard CS
1†	37–44 PRN–RLT	Relational	alternate CS (sy/zy/čy/…)
2†	45–52 ACT–VOC	Affinitive	alternate CS
3†	53–60 LOC–NAV	Spatio-temporal I	alternate CS
4†	61–68 CNR–PLM	Spatio-temporal II	alternate CS

Formula: cases #1–36 → VX = ⌊(n−1)/9⌋+1; cases #37–68 → VX = ⌊(n−37)/8⌋+1 (alt CS). Each case × Types 1/2/3 + INVERSE + CASE-STACK variants.

Inverse-accessor & type mini-paradigm (clown / child / horn):

Pattern	Ithkuil	Lojban gloss
ACCESSOR:ERG Type-1	agent entity	lo pa'u datka cu gasnu lo nu lo cinfu cu badri — the clown (ERG1) makes the child angry
ACCESSOR:ERG Type-2	agent role/designation	le se jicmu be lo nu gasnu lo nu lo cinfu cu badri — the clown-role (ERG2)
ACCESSOR:ERG Type-3	scopes prior VxCs only	… fi'o se gasnu lo pa'u datka — ERG3 on adjacent affix only
INVERSE.ACCESSOR:ERG Type-1	what X did to agent	lo nu lo cinfu cu gasnu ke'a fi lo pa'u datka — what the child did to the clown
ACCESSOR:INS Type-3	instrument of pleasant event	fi'o pilno lo kanba sance — by which pleasant event occurs (horn sound)
INVERSE.ACCESSOR:INS Type-3	what event is used for	lo nu lo pa'u datka cu gasnu lo nu lo kanba cu sance — what the honking is used for
ACCESSOR:PUR Type-3	purpose for authority use	fi'o nu lo nu turni cu nalgau — purpose for using authority
INVERSE.ACCESSOR:PUR Type-3	what interfering is for	lo nu lo pa'u datka cu turni cu nalgau — what the interfering is for
CASE-STACK:RLT+PRN	relative + parent	le cukta pe lo ratcu poi mi kavbu ke'a — book about the rats I captured
CASE-STACK:CVS+CNR	except during	mi bajra ro djedi se cau lo nu carvi — I jog every day except during rain

Status	Ithkuil	Ithkuil examples	Lojban
✅💡	(mechanics) Seven accessor families × 68 cases × Types 1/2/3	ACCESSOR:ERG1 vs ERG2 vs ERG3; INVERSE.ACCESSOR:INS; CASE-STACK:RLT+PRN	fi'o + §20 case tag · FA for inverse roles Seven series (cases 1–36 simplified; 37–68 alt CS); Type-3 scopes only to preceding VxCs. See affixes PDF case-accessor table.
✅💡	INVERSE.ACCESSOR:ERG Inverse ergative accessor — Type 1/2/3	INVERSE.ACCESSOR:ERG1: what the child did to the clown	fi'o kakne: inverse agent role · se gasnu patient-as-agent frame Flips ERG↔ABS/THM; child→clown action framed from clown POV. affixes §7.6.2.
✅💡	INVERSE.ACCESSOR:COM Inverse comitative accessor	INVERSE.ACCESSOR:COM1: one whom the child is with · COM2: child's chaperone	fi'o joi: inverse companion · se kansa Type-1 entity-with · Type-2 role designation (chaperone).
✅💡	INVERSE.ACCESSOR:INS Inverse instrumental accessor (Type-3)	ACCESSOR:INS3 by which pleasant event occurs vs INVERSE:INS3 what pleasant event is used for	fi'o se pilno: inverse instrument · se jicmu · pi'o Type-3 scopes preceding VxCs only; flips agent↔patient of case role; affixes §7.6.3.
✅💡	INVERSE.ACCESSOR:PUR Inverse purposive accessor (Type-3)	ACCESSOR:PUR3 purpose for using authority to interfere vs INVERSE:PUR3 what interfering is for	fi'o se nu: inverse purpose · terzu'e · mu'u Purpose↔beneficiary flip on adjacent affix; affixes §7.6.3.
✅💡	INVERSE.ACCESSOR:TRM Inverse terminative accessor (Type-3)	ACCESSOR:TRM3 selfish child's goal vs INVERSE:TRM3 goal being a selfish child	fi'o se klama: inverse goal/terminus · terma Goal-as-entity vs entity-as-goal.
✅💡	CASE-STACK:CVS+CNR Case-stacking — conversive + concursive	I jog every day except during the rain (CVS-cnr stack)	se: except · ca: during · stacked modals Alternative to case-frames; order + TPF disambiguate scope. affixes §7.6.4.
✅💡	CASE-STACK:RLT+PRN Case-stacking — relative + parent	book about the rats I captured (RLT-prn vs framed RLT)	pe: about · po: restrictive · fi'o: stacked case tag RLT-prn on captured-formative substitutes relative case-frame; word order matters.
❌	ACCESSOR:ABL Case-accessor for Ablative Case (§20 #56) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 3 (alt CS sy/zy/čy/…)	ACCESSOR:ABL1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:ABL · e.g. walked away from the city; fled from danger	— (GAP) Lensisku semantic GAP (best sim 0.528 < 0.55). Query: the entity away from which another entity is moving/receding… · cross-ref §20 ABL
✅	ACCESSOR:ABS Case-accessor for Absolutive Case (§20 #3) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 1	ACCESSOR:ABS1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:ABS · e.g. the door opened; dog was hit (undergoes change)	si'o ze'ei nu (NU*/cmavo-compound): abstractor: x1 is x2's concept of the event [bridi] Lensisku semantic (§20 ABS); top: si'o ze'ei nu=0.559. Type-1 entity · Type-2 designation · Type-3 scopes adjacent VxCs. cross-ref §20 ABS
❌	ACCESSOR:ACT Case-accessor for Activative Case (§20 #45) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 2 (alt CS sy/zy/čy/…)	ACCESSOR:ACT1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:ACT · e.g. Mr. Jones is obligated to pay	— (GAP) Lensisku semantic GAP (best sim 0.480 < 0.55). Query: the EXPERIENCER of a modal state, such as obligation, necessity, desire, hope, expectation, wishing, being able to, etc.… · cross-ref §20 ACT
❌	ACCESSOR:AFF Case-accessor for Affective Case (§20 #4) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 1	ACCESSOR:AFF1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:AFF · e.g. Mary sees the children; shivered from cold	— (GAP) Lensisku semantic GAP (best sim 0.548 < 0.55). Query: the party who undergoes an unwilled, affective experience, e.g., coughing, sneezing, feeling hot/cold, trembling, experi… · cross-ref §20 AFF
✅	ACCESSOR:ALL Case-accessor for Allative Case (§20 #55) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 3 (alt CS sy/zy/čy/…)	ACCESSOR:ALL1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:ALL · e.g. walked toward the door; heading to Paris	muvdu (gismu): x1 moves to x2 from x3 over route x4 · farmu'u (lujvo): x1 moves towards x2 from direction x3 Lensisku semantic (§20 ALL); top: muvdu=0.581, farmu'u=0.640. Type-1 entity · Type-2 designation · Type-3 scopes adjacent VxCs. cross-ref §20 ALL
❌	ACCESSOR:APL Case-accessor for Applicative Case (§20 #19) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 3	ACCESSOR:APL1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:APL · e.g. using X for this purpose now	— (GAP) Lensisku semantic GAP (best sim 0.462 < 0.55). Query: Applicative Case — The APPLICATIVE identifies a noun which represents the purpose for which another noun i…… · cross-ref §20 APL
✅	ACCESSOR:ASI Case-accessor for Assimilative Case (§20 #46) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 2 (alt CS sy/zy/čy/…)	ACCESSOR:ASI1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:ASI · e.g. sings like a bird; treat her as a princess	pevna (experimental gismu): x1: its qualities are represented as a metaphor x2 in dimension x_{3+1,2} Lensisku semantic (§20 ASI); top: pevna=0.552. Type-1 entity · Type-2 designation · Type-3 scopes adjacent VxCs. cross-ref §20 ASI
❌	ACCESSOR:ASS Case-accessor for Assessive Case (§20 #62) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 4 (alt CS sy/zy/čy/…)	ACCESSOR:ASS1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:ASS · e.g. 90 km per hour; $25 per book	— (GAP) Lensisku semantic GAP (best sim 0.533 < 0.55). Query: the increment of space or time or unit by which a contextual ratio of measurement is created, e.g., *He charges __by the… · cross-ref §20 ASS
✅	ACCESSOR:ATD Case-accessor for Attendant Case (§20 #54) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 3 (alt CS sy/zy/čy/…)	ACCESSOR:ATD1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:ATD · e.g. in the king's presence	zvati (gismu): x1 is present at x2 Lensisku semantic (§20 ATD); top: zvati=0.573. Type-1 entity · Type-2 designation · Type-3 scopes adjacent VxCs. cross-ref §20 ATD
❌	ACCESSOR:ATT Case-accessor for Attributive Case (§20 #13) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 2	ACCESSOR:ATT1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:ATT · e.g. poem characterized as love-song	— (GAP) Lensisku semantic GAP (best sim 0.571 < 0.55). Query: Attributive Case… · cross-ref §20 ATT
✅	ACCESSOR:AVR Case-accessor for Aversive Case (§20 #34) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 4	ACCESSOR:AVR1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:AVR · e.g. out of fear of spiders; avoided the dog	terpa (gismu): x1 fears x2 · rivbi (gismu): x1 avoids or escapes event x2 through action x3 · e'unai (cmavo-compound): avertissement Lensisku semantic (§20 AVR); top: terpa=0.600, rivbi=0.565, e'unai=0.583. Type-1 entity · Type-2 designation · Type-3 scopes adjacent VxCs. cross-ref §20 AVR
❌	ACCESSOR:CFM Case-accessor for Conformative Case (§20 #50) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 2 (alt CS sy/zy/čy/…)	ACCESSOR:CFM1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:CFM · e.g. pursuant to the rules	— (GAP) Lensisku semantic GAP (best sim 0.547 < 0.55). Query: the entity pursuant to which, as per which, or in conformance with which, another entity is, or an act/event occurs… · cross-ref §20 CFM
✅	ACCESSOR:CLA Case-accessor for Classificative Case (§20 #30) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 4	ACCESSOR:CLA1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:CLA · e.g. sorted by color; counted by the dozen	selma'o (lujvo): x1 is the class of structure word x2, which means or has function x3 in language x4. Lensisku semantic (§20 CLA); top: selma'o=0.555. Type-1 entity · Type-2 designation · Type-3 scopes adjacent VxCs. cross-ref §20 CLA
❌	ACCESSOR:CMM Case-accessor for Commutative Case (§20 #25) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 3	ACCESSOR:CMM1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:CMM · e.g. paid too much money for that dress; kills for thrills	— (GAP) Lensisku semantic GAP (best sim 0.440 < 0.55). Query: ‘for’ in the sense of ‘in exchange for’ as in You paid too much money for that dress, She kills for thrills… · cross-ref §20 CMM
✅	ACCESSOR:CMP Case-accessor for Comparative Case (§20 #26) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 3	ACCESSOR:CMP1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:CMP · e.g. taller than John; runs faster than before	karbi (gismu): x1 compares x2 with x3 in property x4 determining comparison x5 · dubnalmau (lujvo): x1 (number/amount) is lesser or equal to x2 (number/amount) with difference x3 (number/amount) Lensisku semantic (§20 CMP); top: karbi=0.652, dubnalmau=0.565. Type-1 entity · Type-2 designation · Type-3 scopes adjacent VxCs. cross-ref §20 CMP
✅	ACCESSOR:CNR Case-accessor for Concursive Case (§20 #61) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 4 (alt CS sy/zy/čy/…)	ACCESSOR:CNR1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:CNR · e.g. during the war; at noon; in the 1990s	ti'u (BAI/cmavo): tcika modal, 1st place (for letters) associated with time ... ; attach time stamp. · teirmijyfau (lujvo): The elapsed time/duration between x1 (nu, or time-/date-stamp) and x2 (nu, or time-/date-stamp) is equal to the elapsed time/duration between x1 and x3 (nu, or time-/date-stamp), such that x2 occurred no later than x3 (thus, x1 is also a temporal midpoint between them), in frame of reference x4. · cai'i (ZAhO/experimental cmavo): aspect: perfective aspect; the described event happens wholly in the contextual timespan. Lensisku semantic (§20 CNR); top: ti'u=0.610, teirmijyfau=0.620, cai'i=0.553. Type-1 entity · Type-2 designation · Type-3 scopes adjacent VxCs. cross-ref §20 CNR
✅	ACCESSOR:COM Case-accessor for Comitative Case (§20 #41) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 1 (alt CS sy/zy/čy/…)	ACCESSOR:COM1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:COM · e.g. walked with a friend; sang along with the choir	jau (JOI/cmavo): non-logical connective: in common with; along with (unmixed) Lensisku semantic (§20 COM); top: jau=0.552. Type-1 entity · Type-2 designation · Type-3 scopes adjacent VxCs. cross-ref §20 COM
❌	ACCESSOR:CON Case-accessor for Concessive Case (§20 #33) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 4	ACCESSOR:CON1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:CON · e.g. despite the rain, we went; although tired, she finished	— (GAP) Lensisku semantic GAP (best sim 0.492 < 0.55). Query: Concessive Case — The CONCESSIVE case identifies a noun, situation, or circumstance which gives rise to an expectation o… · cross-ref §20 CON
❌	ACCESSOR:COR Case-accessor for Correlative Case (§20 #39) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 1 (alt CS sy/zy/čy/…)	ACCESSOR:COR1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:COR · e.g. symbolic link between concepts	— (GAP) Lensisku semantic GAP (best sim 0.547 < 0.55). Query: an abstract general relationship, association, or conjunction between one formative and another, including subjective, c… · cross-ref §20 COR
❌	ACCESSOR:CPS Case-accessor for Compositive Case (§20 #40) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 1 (alt CS sy/zy/čy/…)	ACCESSOR:CPS1: what building is made out of · CPS2: building's construction materials · CASE-STACK · wall of bricks	— (GAP) Lensisku semantic GAP (best sim 0.512 < 0.55). Query: a formative as being the literal or figurative substance or component(s) of which another is made, composed, formed, bui… · cross-ref §20 CPS
❌	ACCESSOR:CRS Case-accessor for Contrastive Case (§20 #23) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 3	ACCESSOR:CRS1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:CRS · e.g. replaced sugar with honey	— (GAP) Lensisku semantic GAP (best sim 0.528 < 0.55). Query: Contrastive Case — The CONTRASTIVE identifies a noun which has been replaced by another or for which another noun has be… · cross-ref §20 CRS
✅	ACCESSOR:CSD Case-accessor for Considerative Case (§20 #27) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 3	ACCESSOR:CSD1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:CSD · e.g. in my opinion he's a coward; according to our teacher	jinvi (gismu): x1 opines or thinks that x2 is true about x3 because x4 Lensisku semantic (§20 CSD); top: jinvi=0.559. Type-1 entity · Type-2 designation · Type-3 scopes adjacent VxCs. cross-ref §20 CSD
❌	ACCESSOR:CSM Case-accessor for Consumptive Case (§20 #32) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 4	ACCESSOR:CSM1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:CSM · e.g. fuel consumed by the engine	— (GAP) Lensisku semantic GAP (best sim 0.470 < 0.55). Query: Consumptive Case — The CONSUMPTIVE identifies the resource consumed or used (up) as a result of, or as a concurrent part… · cross-ref §20 CSM
❌	ACCESSOR:CVS Case-accessor for Conversive Case (§20 #35) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 4	ACCESSOR:CVS1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:CVS · e.g. except that it rained, we would have gone	— (GAP) Lensisku semantic GAP (best sim 0.419 < 0.55). Query: Conversive Case — The CONVERSIVE is used in conjunction with hypothetical or potential contexts to identify a hypothetic… · cross-ref §20 CVS
❌	ACCESSOR:DAT Case-accessor for Dative Case (§20 #8) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 1	ACCESSOR:DAT1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:DAT · e.g. give the dog a bone; tell her your secret	— (GAP) Lensisku semantic GAP (best sim 0.531 < 0.55). Query: the party which is the (intended) recipient of a verb of transference, transmission, or communication… · cross-ref §20 DAT
❌	ACCESSOR:DEP Case-accessor for Dependent Case (§20 #51) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 2 (alt CS sy/zy/čy/…)	ACCESSOR:DEP1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:DEP · e.g. …if circumstances regarding X warrant it	— (GAP) Lensisku semantic GAP (best sim 0.454 < 0.55). Query: a formative as being the basis of a dependency phrase on which another formative or phrase acts as the contingency, tran… · cross-ref §20 DEP
❌	ACCESSOR:DFR Case-accessor for Deferential Case (§20 #22) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 3	ACCESSOR:DFR1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:DFR · e.g. out of respect for the elder	— (GAP) Lensisku semantic GAP (best sim 0.525 < 0.55). Query: the English phrases ‘out of respect for,’ ‘for the sake of,’…… · cross-ref §20 DFR
❌	ACCESSOR:DSP Case-accessor for Descriptive Case (§20 #38) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 1 (alt CS sy/zy/čy/…)	ACCESSOR:DSP1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:DSP · e.g. characterizable as clown-like	— (GAP) Lensisku semantic GAP (best sim 0.486 < 0.55). Query: a formative as describing another formative in an adjectival manner, translatable as ‘characterized/describable as being… · cross-ref §20 DSP
✅	ACCESSOR:EFF Case-accessor for Effectuative Case (§20 #6) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 1	ACCESSOR:EFF1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:EFF · e.g. boss made worker act; wind enabled door to swing	bapli (gismu): x1 forces event x2 to occur Lensisku semantic (§20 EFF); top: bapli=0.601. Type-1 entity · Type-2 designation · Type-3 scopes adjacent VxCs. cross-ref §20 EFF
✅	ACCESSOR:ELP Case-accessor for Elapsive Case (§20 #67) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 4 (alt CS sy/zy/čy/…)	ACCESSOR:ELP1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:ELP · e.g. three days ago; two years from now	faurtei (lujvo): f1 is an event that has time/temporal duration t1 ranging from starting time/event t2 to ending time/event t3. Lensisku semantic (§20 ELP); top: faurtei=0.567. Type-1 entity · Type-2 designation · Type-3 scopes adjacent VxCs. cross-ref §20 ELP
❌	ACCESSOR:ERG Case-accessor for Ergative Case (§20 #7) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 1	ACCESSOR:ERG1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:ERG · e.g. John opened the door; Mary hits the children	— (GAP) Lensisku semantic GAP (best sim 0.525 < 0.55). Query: the animate party or inanimate force which initiates/causes an act/event which creates a tangible effect or change of st… · cross-ref §20 ERG
✅	ACCESSOR:ESS Case-accessor for Essive Case (§20 #47) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 2 (alt CS sy/zy/čy/…)	ACCESSOR:ESS1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:ESS · e.g. known as Emily; in role of captain	cmedu'a (lujvo): x1 gives the name x2 to x3; x1 uses the name x2 to name, denominate, designate, christen x3. Lensisku semantic (§20 ESS); top: cmedu'a=0.577. Type-1 entity · Type-2 designation · Type-3 scopes adjacent VxCs. cross-ref §20 ESS
❌	ACCESSOR:FUN Case-accessor for Functive Case (§20 #28) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 4	ACCESSOR:FUN1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:FUN · e.g. ran quickly; spoke with enthusiasm (-ly manner)	— (GAP) Lensisku semantic GAP (best sim 0.464 < 0.55). Query: similarly to English adverbs ending in -ly or the adverbial use of with, identifying the manner in which an action, even… · cross-ref §20 FUN
❌	ACCESSOR:GEN Case-accessor for Genitive Case (§20 #12) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 2	ACCESSOR:GEN1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:GEN · e.g. John's hand; mother's child (inalienable)	— (GAP) Lensisku semantic GAP (best sim 0.483 < 0.55). Query: Genitive Case — The GENITIVE is used to refer to a noun which has inalienable (i.e., unremovable, unseverable) possessio… · cross-ref §20 GEN
❌	ACCESSOR:IDP Case-accessor for Interdependent Case (§20 #17) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 2	ACCESSOR:IDP1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:IDP · e.g. lock and key; husband and wife tandem	— (GAP) Lensisku semantic GAP (best sim 0.544 < 0.55). Query: Interdependent Case — The INTERDEPENDENT identifies a noun which has a coordinated, tandem, complementary or mutually de… · cross-ref §20 IDP
❌	ACCESSOR:IND Case-accessor for Inducive Case (§20 #9) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 1	ACCESSOR:IND1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:IND · e.g. the boys run; we talked for hours; couple eats dinner	— (GAP) Lensisku semantic GAP (best sim 0.500 < 0.55). Query: the patient who undergoes the tangible effect, impact, or change of state of an act/event initiated/caused by that self-… · cross-ref §20 IND
❌	ACCESSOR:INS Case-accessor for Instrumental Case (§20 #2) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 1	ACCESSOR:INS1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:INS · e.g. opened the door with the key; key opened the door	— (GAP) Lensisku semantic GAP (best sim 0.549 < 0.55). Query: the entity acting as means utilized by an explicit or implicit agent to implement/carry out the effect/impact of an act/… · cross-ref §20 INS
❌	ACCESSOR:INV Case-accessor for Intrative Case (§20 #59) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 3 (alt CS sy/zy/čy/…)	ACCESSOR:INV1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:INV · e.g. from Monday to Friday; start/end of corridor	— (GAP) Lensisku semantic GAP (best sim 0.458 < 0.55). Query: a formative as being the spatio-temporal boundary point of a span or volume of space or a period of time, i.e, either th… · cross-ref §20 INV
✅	ACCESSOR:IRL Case-accessor for Interrelative Case (§20 #58) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 3 (alt CS sy/zy/čy/…)	ACCESSOR:IRL1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:IRL · e.g. west of the house; relative to my arrival	farna (gismu): x1 is the direction of x2 from origin x3 · stuna (gismu): x1 is to the east of x2 in frame of reference x3 Lensisku semantic (§20 IRL); top: farna=0.569, stuna=0.554. Type-1 entity · Type-2 designation · Type-3 scopes adjacent VxCs. cross-ref §20 IRL
✅	ACCESSOR:ITP Case-accessor for Interpretative Case (§20 #15) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 2	ACCESSOR:ITP1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:ITP · e.g. interpreted as a threat	selxu'aju'a (lujvo): j1 (text) is a declarative sentence in which proposition j2=x2 (du'u) asserts/claims/declares to be true by x1 in language j3. Lensisku semantic (§20 ITP); top: selxu'aju'a=0.554. Type-1 entity · Type-2 designation · Type-3 scopes adjacent VxCs. cross-ref §20 ITP
✅	ACCESSOR:LOC Case-accessor for Locative Case (§20 #53) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 3 (alt CS sy/zy/čy/…)	ACCESSOR:LOC1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:LOC · e.g. at the store; in the room; on the table	zvati (gismu): x1 is present at x2 · setu'i (BAI*/cmavo-compound): stuzi modal, 2nd place as a location of ... · le jaivi (LE*/cmavo-compound): description: marks description extracting the location place of the description bridi. Lensisku semantic (§20 LOC); top: zvati=0.681, setu'i=0.611, le jaivi=0.631. Type-1 entity · Type-2 designation · Type-3 scopes adjacent VxCs. cross-ref §20 LOC
❌	ACCESSOR:NAV Case-accessor for Navigative Case (§20 #60) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 3 (alt CS sy/zy/čy/…)	ACCESSOR:NAV1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:NAV · e.g. along the river; down the road	— (GAP) Lensisku semantic GAP (best sim 0.526 < 0.55). Query: the entity whose literal or metaphorically inferred long axis serves as the direction of another entity’s path, course, … · cross-ref §20 NAV
✅	ACCESSOR:OGN Case-accessor for Originative Case (§20 #16) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 2	ACCESSOR:OGN1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:OGN · e.g. origin of the custom	krasi (gismu): x1 is an origin or source of x2 · terkla (lujvo): From x1 to x2 goes x3 via x4 by means x5. · sera'i (BAI*/cmavo-compound): krasi modal, 2nd place originally; as an origin/starting point of ... Lensisku semantic (§20 OGN); top: krasi=0.639, terkla=0.604, sera'i=0.567. Type-1 entity · Type-2 designation · Type-3 scopes adjacent VxCs. cross-ref §20 OGN
✅	ACCESSOR:ORI Case-accessor for Orientative Case (§20 #57) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 3 (alt CS sy/zy/čy/…)	ACCESSOR:ORI1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:ORI · e.g. turned his face toward the door	xadni (gismu): x1 is the body or corpse of x2 Lensisku semantic (§20 ORI); top: xadni=0.554. Type-1 entity · Type-2 designation · Type-3 scopes adjacent VxCs. cross-ref §20 ORI
❌	ACCESSOR:PAR Case-accessor for Partitive Case (§20 #18) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 2	ACCESSOR:PAR1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:PAR · e.g. a cup of coffee; box of books	— (GAP) Lensisku semantic GAP (best sim 0.547 < 0.55). Query: a quantitative or content-to-container relationship between the two nouns, e.g., a cup of coffee, *a box(ful) __of… · cross-ref §20 PAR
❌	ACCESSOR:PCR Case-accessor for Postcursive Case (§20 #66) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 4 (alt CS sy/zy/čy/…)	ACCESSOR:PCR1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:PCR · e.g. after the war; since I danced	— (GAP) Lensisku semantic GAP (best sim 0.529 < 0.55). Query: an entity acting as a point in time after which, following which, subsequent to which, an act, state, or event occurs, e… · cross-ref §20 PCR
✅	ACCESSOR:PCV Case-accessor for Precursive Case (§20 #65) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 4 (alt CS sy/zy/čy/…)	ACCESSOR:PCV1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:PCV · e.g. this city before the war	si'o ze'ei nu (NU*/cmavo-compound): abstractor: x1 is x2's concept of the event [bridi] Lensisku semantic (§20 PCV); top: si'o ze'ei nu=0.569. Type-1 entity · Type-2 designation · Type-3 scopes adjacent VxCs. cross-ref §20 PCV
❌	ACCESSOR:PDC Case-accessor for Productive Case (§20 #14) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 2	ACCESSOR:PDC1: designer of the building · PDC2: architect of the building · girl's poem; my statue	— (GAP) Lensisku semantic GAP (best sim 0.496 < 0.55). Query: Productive Case — The PRODUCTIVE identifies the creator, author or originator of another noun, e.g., *the girl’s poe… · cross-ref §20 PDC
✅	ACCESSOR:PER Case-accessor for Periodic Case (§20 #63) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 4 (alt CS sy/zy/čy/…)	ACCESSOR:PER1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:PER · e.g. during the week; over the decade events occurred	faurtei (lujvo): f1 is an event that has time/temporal duration t1 ranging from starting time/event t2 to ending time/event t3. Lensisku semantic (§20 PER); top: faurtei=0.585. Type-1 entity · Type-2 designation · Type-3 scopes adjacent VxCs. cross-ref §20 PER
❌	ACCESSOR:PLM Case-accessor for Prolimitive Case (§20 #68) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 4 (alt CS sy/zy/čy/…)	ACCESSOR:PLM1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:PLM · e.g. must occur by Friday; within the corridor	— (GAP) Lensisku semantic GAP (best sim 0.537 < 0.55). Query: the spatio-temporal boundary point of a span of time or space during which or within which something is expected to or m… · cross-ref §20 PLM
✅	ACCESSOR:POS Case-accessor for Possessive Case (§20 #10) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 2	ACCESSOR:POS1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:POS · e.g. holding someone's book (alienable control)	voi'e (GOI/experimental cmavo): titular possessive: possessive that is part of a name, e.g. "The Summer of Love", "The Wars of the Roses", "Zeno of Elea" Lensisku semantic (§20 POS); top: voi'e=0.578. Type-1 entity · Type-2 designation · Type-3 scopes adjacent VxCs. cross-ref §20 POS
❌	ACCESSOR:PRD Case-accessor for Predicative Case (§20 #43) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 1 (alt CS sy/zy/čy/…)	ACCESSOR:PRD1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:PRD · e.g. laws based in reason; relying on charity	— (GAP) Lensisku semantic GAP (best sim 0.429 < 0.55). Query: the non-causal basis, foundation, sustenance (literally or figuratively), or required existential condition for another … · cross-ref §20 PRD
❌	ACCESSOR:PRN Case-accessor for Pertinential Case (§20 #37) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 1 (alt CS sy/zy/čy/…)	ACCESSOR:PRN1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:PRN · e.g. a song of love; talk about clowns	— (GAP) Lensisku semantic GAP (best sim 0.524 < 0.55). Query: a formative functioning as the general referent of the verb, translating such English terms as ‘about,’ ‘regarding,’ ‘co… · cross-ref §20 PRN
❌	ACCESSOR:PRO Case-accessor for Prolapsive Case (§20 #64) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 4 (alt CS sy/zy/čy/…)	ACCESSOR:PRO1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:PRO · e.g. prayed through lunch; sang for an hour	— (GAP) Lensisku semantic GAP (best sim 0.545 < 0.55). Query: the duration of an act, condition, or event, i.e., how long it takes or lasts, e.g., He prayed through lunch, *It … · cross-ref §20 PRO
❌	ACCESSOR:PRP Case-accessor for Proprietive Case (§20 #11) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 2	ACCESSOR:PRP1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:PRP · e.g. my car; her house (quasi-permanent ownership)	— (GAP) Lensisku semantic GAP (best sim 0.504 < 0.55). Query: Proprietive Case — The PROPRIETIVE identifies a noun having alienable possession of another noun in the sense of quasi-p… · cross-ref §20 PRP
❌	ACCESSOR:PUR Case-accessor for Purposive Case (§20 #20) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 3	ACCESSOR:PUR1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:PUR · e.g. purpose of the journey; reason for the rule	— (GAP) Lensisku semantic GAP (best sim 0.458 < 0.55). Query: Purposive Case — The PURPOSIVE identifies a noun which characterizes or defines the purpose of, or reason for, another n… · cross-ref §20 PUR
❌	ACCESSOR:RLT Case-accessor for Relative Case (§20 #44) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 1 (alt CS sy/zy/čy/…)	ACCESSOR:RLT1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:RLT · e.g. the book that I read	— (GAP) Lensisku semantic GAP (best sim 0.453 < 0.55). Query: a formative as constituting a relative clause associated with the preceding formative (or whatever formative is indicate… · cross-ref §20 RLT
❌	ACCESSOR:RSL Case-accessor for Resultative Case (§20 #31) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 4	ACCESSOR:RSL1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:RSL · e.g. result of the collision; therefore we left	— (GAP) Lensisku semantic GAP (best sim 0.535 < 0.55). Query: Resultative Case — The RESULTATIVE identifies a result or consequence, usually translatable utilizing a clause-like stru… · cross-ref §20 RSL
❌	ACCESSOR:SEL Case-accessor for Selective Case (§20 #49) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 2 (alt CS sy/zy/čy/…)	ACCESSOR:SEL1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:SEL · e.g. every three days; on Sundays; every third book	— (GAP) Lensisku semantic GAP (best sim 0.539 < 0.55). Query: a contextually recurring time-period, as well as a string of recurring entities, e.g., *I visit him every three days… · cross-ref §20 SEL
✅	ACCESSOR:SIT Case-accessor for Situative Case (§20 #36) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 4	ACCESSOR:SIT1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:SIT · e.g. against the backdrop of war…	tcini (gismu): x1 (estado) es un estado/situación/condición de x2 Lensisku semantic (§20 SIT); top: tcini=0.565. Type-1 entity · Type-2 designation · Type-3 scopes adjacent VxCs. cross-ref §20 SIT
❌	ACCESSOR:STM Case-accessor for Stimulative Case (§20 #5) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 1	ACCESSOR:STM1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:STM · e.g. hammer exemplifies toolship; book contains poems	— (GAP) Lensisku semantic GAP (best sim 0.520 < 0.55). Query: the party/entity/idea/thought/situation or mental state which triggers an unwilled, affective response or is the trigger… · cross-ref §20 STM
❌	ACCESSOR:TFM Case-accessor for Transformative Case (§20 #29) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 4	ACCESSOR:TFM1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:TFM · e.g. turned into a frog; grew to adulthood	— (GAP) Lensisku semantic GAP (best sim 0.488 < 0.55). Query: Transformative Case — The TRANSFORMATIVE identifies the outcome or final state of a process, often translatable by ‘to,’… · cross-ref §20 TFM
❌	ACCESSOR:THM Case-accessor for Thematic Case (§20 #1) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 1	ACCESSOR:THM1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:THM · e.g. story as content of telling; children as object of desire	— (GAP) Lensisku semantic GAP (best sim 0.437 < 0.55). Query: the (usually inanimate) party which is a participant to the verbal predicate where that participant does not undergo any… · cross-ref §20 THM
❌	ACCESSOR:TRA Case-accessor for Transmissive Case (§20 #21) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 3	ACCESSOR:TRA1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:TRA · e.g. did it for her sake; to his detriment	— (GAP) Lensisku semantic GAP (best sim 0.402 < 0.55). Query: Transmissive Case — The TRANSMISSIVE identifies a noun for whose sake or benefit an action or event occurs or is done or… · cross-ref §20 TRA
❌	ACCESSOR:TRM Case-accessor for Terminative Case (§20 #48) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 2 (alt CS sy/zy/čy/…)	ACCESSOR:TRM1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:TRM · e.g. seek a new planet; desire to see homeland	— (GAP) Lensisku semantic GAP (best sim 0.450 < 0.55). Query: a formative as being the goal of an act/event, e.g., We seek a new planet; a desire to see his homeland; *an… · cross-ref §20 TRM
❌	ACCESSOR:TSP Case-accessor for Transpositive Case (§20 #24) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 3	ACCESSOR:TSP1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:TSP · e.g. substituted honey for sugar	— (GAP) Lensisku semantic GAP (best sim 0.513 < 0.55). Query: Transpositive Case — The TRANSPOSITIVE implies substitution of one noun for another… · cross-ref §20 TSP
❌	ACCESSOR:UTL Case-accessor for Utilitative Case (§20 #42) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 1 (alt CS sy/zy/čy/…)	ACCESSOR:UTL1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:UTL · e.g. reading-while-walking behavior	— (GAP) Lensisku semantic GAP (best sim 0.509 < 0.55). Query: a formative in the process of being used while some other activity or state is in progress… · cross-ref §20 UTL
✅	ACCESSOR:VOC Case-accessor for Vocative Case (§20 #52) — Types 1/2/3 + inverse + stacking; VX series 2 (alt CS sy/zy/čy/…)	ACCESSOR:VOC1/2/3 · INVERSE · CASE-STACK:VOC · e.g. O John!; Hey, Mary!	judri (gismu): x1 is an address of x2 in system x3 Lensisku semantic (§20 VOC); top: judri=0.627. Type-1 entity · Type-2 designation · Type-3 scopes adjacent VxCs. cross-ref §20 VOC
✅💡	CASE-STACK:RLT Case-stacking substitute for case-frame	stack RLT on PRN relative head	poi/noi alt. Case-stacking on relative clause; poi/noi + second case via fi'o. affixes.md §7.6.

26.18 Biological, cultural & culinary taxa

Lojban conventions (§26.18): Type-1 = entity/instance bearing the taxon/state; Type-2 = designation/name; Type-3 scopes adjacent affix (e.g. TXN rank on GEO niche). Degrees 1/5/9 = PDF poles. Prefer existing jutsi/gismu; mint fu'ivla only for Ithkuil-specific granularity. Cross-ref root maps docs/10-animals.md–docs/12-life-ecology.md.

Bio/cultural taxa mini-paradigm (clown buys fruit at the store):

Affix	deg	Role	Lojban gloss
TXN	5	family rank	lo plise cu jutsi lo skosna — apple, family Rosaceae (§ taxonomy)
TXN	9	kingdom	lo plise cu jutsi lo skami — plant kingdom level
GEO	5	savannah/grassland	lo mabru co zvati lo savna — mammal of savannah habitat
BRE	5	Neotropic realm	lo mabru co zvati lo neotropi — Neotropic biogeographic realm
AAA	5	East Asia areal	lo cidja co tcaci lo ka jukpa fi lo xazdo — food in East Asian style
DFB	5	recipe/dish	lo cidja cu se finti lo retsku — food as prepared dish
CK1	5	deep-fried	lo cidja cu se jukpa fi lo se friti — deep-fried item
FSP	1	fresh	lo plise cu vlina — fresh apple
FSP	9	spoiled	lo plise cu fusra — spoiled apple
HEA	1	prime health	lo pa'u datka cu vlina — clown in prime health
MLT	1	breakfast	ca lo cerni sanctu lo pa'u datka cu pinxe lo tcati — clown drinks tea at breakfast
CLG	5	cultural style	stack CLG §26.9 on AAA for regional cuisine tag

AAA–AAW areal quick-map (cultural/geo-demographic; deg 5 = macro-region · deg 1/9 = ancient/contemporary pole):

Code	Region	Example tag
AAA	East Asia	lo tcati co tcaci lo ka jukpa fi lo xazdo — tea, East Asian style
AAC	Central Asia	Silk Road / Tibet macro-region
AAE	S & E Europe	Mediterranean / Balkan cuisine
AAF	Sub-Saharan Africa	W Africa coast macro-region
AAH	N Africa & Horn	Nile / Egypt ancient↔modern
AAI	SE Asia / East Indies	maritime SE Asian foods
AAM	Middle East	Levant / Arabian Peninsula
AAN	N & W Europe	Celtic / Germanic macro-region
AAO	Other (Polynesia, Aus, Siberia)	catch-all when no finer code
AAS	South Asia	India / Pakistan / Sri Lanka
AAW	Western Hemisphere	Americas macro-region

Stack CLG §26.9 (trait/style deg 5) or AAA–AAW (areal deg 5) on food/artifact sumti; Type-3 scopes rank/niche affix (TXN on GEO, etc.).

Status	Ithkuil	Ithkuil examples	Lojban
✅💡	AAA Areal/Cultural Association - East Asia — VxCs -aaa- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 ancient China · 5 East Asia · 9 contemporary China	East Asia cultural · fu'ivla · cmene region Areal tag on cultural artifact/food; cmene region + tcadu; deg 5 = macro-region, 1/9 = ancient/contemporary pole.
✅💡	AAC Areal/Cultural Association - Central Asia — VxCs -aac- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 ancient Tibet · 5 Central Asia · 9 contemporary Tibet	Central Asia cultural · fu'ivla Central Asian areal; pair with AAA/AAS for Silk Road cuisine taxonomy.
✅💡	AAE Areal/Cultural Association - Southern & Eastern Europe — VxCs -aae- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 ancient Mediterranean Europe · 5 S&E Europe · 9 contemporary Mediterranean	S&E Europe cultural · fu'ivla S&E Europe areal; Mediterranean vs Balkan via degree.
✅💡	AAF Areal/Cultural Association - Sub-Saharan Africa — VxCs -aaf- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 ancient W Africa coast · 5 Sub-Saharan Africa · 9 contemporary W Africa coast	Sub-Saharan Africa · fu'ivla Sub-Saharan areal; use with PG2 morphology rows for biogeography.
✅💡	AAH Areal/Cultural Association - Northern Africa & Horn of Africa — VxCs -aah- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 ancient Egypt/Nile · 5 N/E Horn Africa · 9 contemporary Egypt/Nile	N Africa/Horn · fu'ivla N Africa/Horn areal; Nile/Egypt ancient↔modern on deg 1/9.
✅💡	AAI Areal/Cultural Association - Southeast Asia / East Indies — VxCs -aai- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 ancient Vietnam/Laos/Cambodia · 5 SE Asia · 9 contemporary Vietnam/Laos/Cambodia	SE Asia/East Indies · fu'ivla SE Asia/East Indies; complements AAA for maritime trade foods.
✅💡	AAM Areal/Cultural Association - Middle-East — VxCs -aam- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 ancient Arabian Peninsula · 5 Middle East · 9 contemporary Arabian Peninsula	Middle East cultural · fu'ivla Middle East areal; Levant vs Arabian Peninsula via degree.
✅💡	AAN Areal/Cultural Association - Northern & Western Europe — VxCs -aan- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 ancient Celtic Europe · 5 N&W Europe · 9 contemporary Celtic Europe	N&W Europe cultural · fu'ivla N&W Europe areal; Celtic/Germanic poles on deg 1/9.
✅💡	AAO Areal/Cultural Association - Other Areas — VxCs -aao- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 ancient Polynesia · 5 Polynesia/Aus/Siberia · 9 contemporary Polynesia	Other areas cultural · fu'ivla Polynesia/Australia/Siberia catch-all; use when no finer AAA–AAW fit.
✅💡	AAS Areal/Cultural Association - South Asia — VxCs -aas- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 ancient India · 5 South Asia · 9 contemporary India/Pakistan/Sri Lanka	South Asia cultural · fu'ivla South Asia areal; India/Pakistan/Sri Lanka contemporary on deg 9.
✅💡	AAW Areal/Cultural Association - Western Hemisphere — VxCs -aaw- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 ancient North America · 5 Western Hemisphere · 9 contemporary North America	Western Hemisphere · fu'ivla Western Hemisphere; Americas macro-region.
✅💡	ADI Adverse Disease/Disorder/Illness — VxCs -adi- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 temporarily asymptomatic · 5 dead from X · 9 chronically asymptomatic	disease state · kafri · pathology fu'ivla Pathology state on patient; kafri/vlina wellness scale; deg 5 = fatal outcome.
💡	AMS Additional Material States/Forms (malleable solid) — VxCs -ams- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 powder/dust · 5 flaky substance · 9 sponge-like	malleable solid · sligu texture Malleable solid texture; sligu + ckasu granularity; powder→sponge deg 1→9.
💡	BMP Building, Structure, or Meeting Place — VxCs -bmp- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 commercial establishment for X · 5 meeting place for X · 9 factory for creating X	building · dinju · tcadu Built place for activity X; dinju/tcadu + purpose place; factory vs meeting hall.
✅💡	BRE Biogeographic Realm/Ecozone — VxCs -bre- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 Palearctic · 5 Neotropic · 9 Antarctic ecozone	biogeographic realm · ecology fu'ivla Biogeographic realm; ecology fu'ivla (palearktika etc.); pairs GEO/OBN/WBN.
💡	CAM Customization & Modifications — VxCs -cam- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 bass version of X · 5 louder X · 9 simplified for learning	customized variant · size/register mod Modified variant of base noun; register/size simplification; ciste + comparative.
✅💡	CK1 Cooking Methods 1 — VxCs -ck1- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 sautéed · 5 deep-fried · 9 (see CK2/CK3 for other methods)	cooking fu'ivla · jukpa fry Dry-heat cooking; jukpa + fry/roast fu'ivla; see also TRF transformation.
✅💡	CK2 Cooking Methods 2 — VxCs -ck2- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 steamed · 5 boiled · 9 pressure-cooked	steam/boil · jukpa Moist-heat cooking; steam/boil/pressure; jukpa + liquid medium.
✅💡	CK3 Cooking Methods 3 — VxCs -ck3- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 raw/uncooked · 5 brewed · 9 (combined methods)	raw/preserve · jukpa Raw/preserve/brew; uncooked deg 1; fermentation/brew deg 5.
💡	CNM Type of Container/Packaging — VxCs -cnm- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 generic container · 5 stack/column · 9 embodiment of essence	container · bartu · pocli Container morphology; bartu/pocli/tanbo; stack/column deg 5.
💡	CZE Cenozoic Era — VxCs -cze- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 Cenozoic Era · 5 Miocene · 9 Anthropocene	Cenozoic period · geology fu'ivla · temci Geologic period tag; temci + era fu'ivla; Anthropocene deg 9.
💡	DBM Distinctive Bodily/Fur Markings for Species or Sub-Species Differentiation — VxCs -dbm- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 lighter spot rows · 5 distinctive marking pattern · 9 darker lateral bands	species markings · skari pattern · fu'ivla Species marking pattern; skari/cinta on jutsi description.
✅💡	DFB Derived Foodstuff/Beverage — VxCs -dfb- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 dry fermented beverage · 5 recipe/dish · 9 flavoring/seasoning	derived food · cidja · fu'ivla Derived food/beverage; cidja/pinxe recipe product; seasoning deg 9.
✅💡	ENS Environmental Niche for Species or Sub-Species Differentiation — VxCs -ens- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 crepuscular · 5 diurnal · 9 phototactic motile	activity niche · diurnal/nocturnal · ecology Activity niche; diurnal/crepuscular/nocturnal; tcika + behavior.
✅💡	FMM Potential Food/Medicinal/Material Resource — VxCs -fmm- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 edible resource · 5 staple food · 9 medicinal/material resource	food resource · cidja · mikce Edible/medicinal/material resource; cidja/mikce/rinju by degree.
💡	FMS Material States/Forms (solids) — VxCs -fms- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 glass-like · 5 solid · 9 metallic	solid state · sligu · rinju Solid material state; sligu/rinju/nigricau metallic deg 9.
💡	FNS Non-Solid Material States (liquid or malleable quasi-liquid) — VxCs -fns- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 liquid · 5 gel-like · 9 gas	liquid/gas state · litki · gapci Non-solid state; litki/gapci/gel continuum deg 1→9.
💡	FSP Degree of Freshness or Spoilage — VxCs -fsp- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 fresh · 5 acceptable · 9 spoiled/rotten	freshness · vlina · fusra Freshness/spoilage; vlina fresh ↔ fusra rotten; deg 5 acceptable.
✅💡	GEO Geographic or Environmental Niche for Species or Sub-Species Differentiation — VxCs -geo- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 high mountains · 5 savannah/grassland · 9 rainforest	terrestrial niche · habitat fu'ivla Terrestrial habitat niche; savannah/rainforest/mountain; ecology fu'ivla.
💡	HEA State of Health — VxCs -hea- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 prime health · 5 mild injury · 9 bed-ridden decrepitude	health state · kafri · vlina wellness Health state on animate; kafri injury ↔ prime wellness deg 1.
💡	HUM Human Usage/Presence/Intervention — VxCs -hum- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 associated with humans · 5 arranged by humans · 9 resource for humans	human association · remna · intervention Human association/intervention; remna presence; cultivated vs wild deg 5.
💡	KBP Basis for System of Knowledge, Belief or Practice — VxCs -kbp- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 formal religion centered on X · 5 philosophical system · 9 therapeutic practice	belief system · cevni · saske Belief/practice system centered on X; cevni/saske/mikce therapy.
💡	MB1 Morphological Bodily Distinctions for Species or Sub-Species Differentiation 1 — VxCs -mb1- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 longer tail · 5 larger nose/snout · 9 rotund/thicker body	morphology larger-than · comparative body Comparative morphology larger-than; tail/nose/body size vs species baseline.
💡	MB2 Morphological Bodily Distinctions for Species or Sub-Species Differentiation 2 — VxCs -mb2- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 shorter tail · 5 smaller nose/snout · 9 slender/streamlined	morphology smaller-than · comparative body Comparative morphology smaller-than; complements MB1.
💡	MCD Manufactured/Specialized Containers/Dispensors — VxCs -mcd- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 basket · 5 can/tin · 9 tube/dispenser	manufactured container · fu'ivla Manufactured container; basket/can/tube; bartu + industrial fu'ivla.
✅💡	MLT Mealtimes — VxCs -mlt- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 breakfast · 5 afternoon snack · 9 midnight snack	mealtime · tcika · sanctu Mealtime slot; tcika/sanctu; breakfast→midnight snack deg 1→9.
💡	MZE Mesozoic Era — VxCs -mze- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 Mesozoic Era · 5 Early Jurassic · 9 Late Cretaceous	Mesozoic period · geology fu'ivla Mesozoic period; geology fu'ivla; Jurassic/Cretaceous via degree.
✅💡	OBN Ocean-based Environmental Niche for Species or Sub-Species Differentiation — VxCs -obn- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 intertidal zone · 5 pelagic zone · 9 benthic zone	ocean niche · marine ecology fu'ivla Marine niche; intertidal/pelagic/benthic; pairs WBN freshwater.
💡	PEB Overall Presence/Participation Within an Environmental Niche or Biosphere — VxCs -peb- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 dominant in niche · 5 newly present · 9 extinct	biosphere presence · dominance/extinction Dominance/extinction in niche; balji dominant ↔ extinct deg 9.
✅💡	PG1 Physical Features Based on Geography 1 for Species or Sub-Species Differentiation — VxCs -pg1- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 mainland Asian features · 5 Western Asian/Mesopotamian · 9 N African/Mediterranean	geography-based morphology · fu'ivla Geography-linked morphology set 1; mainland Asian/Mediterranean features.
✅💡	PG2 Physical Features Based on Geography 2 for Species or Sub-Species Differentiation — VxCs -pg2- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 Arctic features · 5 S Atlantic oceanic · 9 New World/American	geography-based morphology · fu'ivla Geography-linked morphology set 2; Arctic/American/oceanic features.
✅💡	PLC Stage of Annual Plant Life-Cycle — VxCs -plc- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 seed/germination · 5 flowering · 9 senescence/dormancy	plant lifecycle · spati stage Annual plant lifecycle; spati stage seed→senescence deg 1→9.
💡	PZE Paleozoic Era — VxCs -pze- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 Paleozoic Era · 5 Devonian · 9 Permian	Paleozoic period · geology fu'ivla Paleozoic period; Devonian/Permian via degree.
✅💡	RES Resemblances to Other Species — VxCs -res- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 behavior like X · 5 appearance/behavior like X · 9 nesting habits like X	resemblance to species · simile · fu'ivla Cross-species resemblance; simsa behavior/appearance/nesting.
💡	TRF Transformation for Use — VxCs -trf- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 cured · 5 cooked · 9 pickled/brined	food transformation · jukpa · preserve Processing for use; cure/cook/pickle; jukpa + preserve methods.
✅💡	TXN Taxonomic Classification Hierarchy — VxCs -txn- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 sub-sub-group · 5 family level · 9 kingdom level	taxonomic rank · biology fu'ivla · cmene Taxonomic rank; kingdom→sub-sub-group; jutsi/cmene hierarchy.
✅💡	WBN Water-based Environmental Niche for Species or Sub-Species Differentiation — VxCs -wbn- (degrees 0–9; Types 1/2/3)	1 islands · 5 freshwater lakes · 9 streams/brooks	freshwater niche · ecology fu'ivla Freshwater niche; island/lake/stream; complements OBN.

27. Cross-reference: core grammar ↔ §26 VxCs bundles

When Slot VIII/IX categories cannot fit in the formative (adjunct-only encoding, stacking, or shortcut bundles), map to these §26 affixes. Degree n in the bundle = the nth value of the core category below.

Core category (§)	Values	§26 VxCs bundle	Degree mapping
Configuration (§0–§2)	UPX…MFF (20 cells)	Slot VI Ca · DCF/MCF §26.12	Ca = primary; DCF/MCF = second-level set-of-sets
Separability / dispersion (§0)	integrated vs scattered	SEP/DPR §26.12	spatio-temporal separability vs member dispersion
Possession nuance (§20)	alienable control gradient	PSS §26.12	deg 1=pe temporary ↔ deg 9=sivni secret
Affiliation (§3)	CSL/ASO/COA/VAR	Slot VI Ca · †cunli §26.12	fourth Ca consonant; no standalone bundle
Context (§4)	EXS/FNC/RPS/AMG	Slot IV Vr · NCD/NCE §26.13	Vr context vowel; NCD/NCE = non-default Ca stack
Essence (§5)	NRM/RPV	Slot VI Ca · NCE §26.13	Ca essence slot; RPV = representational
Specification (§6)	BSC/CTE/CSV/OBJ	Slot IV Vr	third Vr consonant on stem
Function (§7)	STA/DYN	Slot IV Vr	first Vr consonant
Version (§8)	PRC/CPT	Slot II Vv	stem/version vowel
Stem (§9)	STEM0–3	Slot II Vv	Vv selects stem variant
Extension (§10)	DEL/PRX/ICP/ATV/GRA/DPL	Slot VI Ca	extension consonant in Ca
Perspective (§11)	M/G/N/A	Slot VI Ca · NCD §26.13	perspective vowel in Ca
Valence (§12)	MNO…PTI (9)	VAL §26.13	deg 1–9 = §12 valence order
Effect (§13)	1:BEN…SLF:DET (8)	EFE §26.7	deg 1–9 = party benefit/harm gradient
Phase (§14)	PCT…FLC (9)	PHS §26.13	deg 1–9 = phase order in PDF
Aspect (§15)	AP1–AP4 (36) + AP5 CUL…SQN (7)	AP1–AP4 §26.2	9 per bundle; AP5 Slot VIII only — see §15 index
Level (§16)	MIN…MAX (9)	LVL §26.5	comparison level
Mood (§17)	FAC…HYP (6)	MCS §26.7	deg 1–5 = SUB…HYP; FAC unmarked/default
Mood / case-scope (§17/§21)	FAC…HYP + CCN…CCV	MCS §26.7	deg 0=CCV · deg 1–5=mood · deg 6–9=case-scope
Illocution (§18)	9 illocutions (Slot IX Vk)	IVL §26.13	On framed verbs: deg 5 = PFM; else validation degrees with ASR
Validation (§19)	9 validations	IVL §26.13	deg 1–4,6–9 = OBS…INF; deg 0 = unspecified + ASR
Expectation (§19.1)	COG/RSP/EXE	IVL §26.13 Type 1/2/3	Type-1/2/3 = cognitive/responsive/executive
Sanction (optional)	PPS…AXM (9)	SNC §26.13	Optional refutability/ontology overlay; not mandatory in IV
Cases (§20)	68 cases	Slot IX Vc · §26.17 ACCESSOR	primary Vc; accessor when saturated/stacked
Case-scope (§21)	CCN…CCV (6)	MCS §26.7 · Slot VIII Cn	verb deg 0=CCV, 6–9=CCA…CCP; nominal Cn
Dependent case (§20 DEP)	contingency on X	DPC §26.13	deg 1=ganbi only-if ↔ deg 9 precautionary va'o
Viewpoint POV	speaker vs addressee	VWP §26.13	deg 1=ma'i mi ↔ deg 9=ma'i do
Bias (§22)	61 biases	Slot XIII CB · bias adjunct	UI1/UI3 attitudinals per §22 row
Register (§23)	NRR…END (7)	register adjunct	lu/to/mu'a/la'o carriers
Referentials (§24)	personal adjunct 1m…	referential adjunct	do/mi/FA + case tag (ben-erg)
Adjunct scope (§25)	VS/CZ/O	scope vowel on affixual adjunct	VS=stem · CZ=stem+Ca · O=whole formative
Deictic / relative head	DCD degrees 1–9	DCD §26.1	deg 1–4 = ti/ta/tu; deg 5–9 = relative head
Manner / adverbial scalars	CAP/EFT/ITY/DIF/SCS…	§26.6	degree = scalar step on bridi property
Topic / focus	sentence topic vs focus	TPF §26.13	deg 5 = topic (fa'o/la); deg 9 = focus
Switch-reference	obviative / anaphora	SWR §26.13	goi/ko'a chain; nearest vs first mention
Comparison spec	COS degrees	COS §26.5	with SCL, XCL, LVL
Transrelative expansion	CNS/RSN/DLB/…	§26.8	consent, reason, deliberateness on ERG/AFF
Participant / social role	GID/KIN/HRC/CLG…	§26.9	gender identity vs kinship vs hierarchy on animate sumti
Bodily pose / instrument	BOD/BY*/TDM/MEC…	§26.10–§26.11	posture on x1; pi'o/pilno on tool sumti
Connective coordination	sequential/concurrent/xor	COO/IOR/XOR §26.16	degree = timing/scope of coordination
Sensory association	look/sound/smell/…	VIS/AUR/OLF §26.14	deg 1 = of-X · deg 9 = while-experiencing-X
Temporal / aspect adjunct	AP1–AP4, ASQ, TME, SQT…	§26.2	deg maps to §15 aspect or PU/BA/ZAhO frame
Spatial position/motion	P01–P28, M01–M14, S01–S19	§26.3	P=coordinates · M=motion path · S=structural locus; deg 6 static
Bio / taxonomic adjunct	TXN/GEO/BRE/AAA…	§26.18	Type-1 entity · Type-2 name · Type-3 scopes prior affix
Areal cultural tag	AAA–AAW (11 regions)	§26.18	deg 5 macro-region · stack CLG §26.9 for style
Math / measurement	BAO/MTR/TGO/LDA/MAS…	§26.15	degree = operator, unit, or functional-group step
Negation shortcuts	NEG	NEG §26.13	mirrors Slot II Vv; stacks with §26.16
Number roots adjunct	XX1–XX9, X10–X15, XOH…	§26.2 table · §26.4 paradigm	deg 1=ordinal · deg 5=cardinality · deg 9=tier; NNN §26.4 · CNW §26.15

§27 reverse index (§26 subsection → core grammar)

§26	Primary core mirror	Key bundles
§26.0	§1 Slot V/VII · §25 adjunct scope	Types 1–3 · ACCESSOR mechanics
§26.1	deictic · §20 RLT head	DCD FAM SIM IDF
§26.2	§15 aspect · temporal frame	AP1–AP4 ASQ TME · XXn roots
§26.3	§20 LOC/ALL/ABL/NAV/ORI	P01–P28 M01–M14 S01–S19
§26.4	quantification · PA/mekso	XXn POR PTW NNN
§26.5	§16 level · comparison	LVL COS SCL XCL
§26.6	§20 FUN manner · adverbial	CAP EFT ITY DIF SCS
§26.7	§13 effect · §17/§21 mood+CC	EFE MCS EMO OBG
§26.8	§20 transrelative expansion	CNS RSN DLB ENB
§26.9	§24 referentials · social role	GID KIN HRC CLG
§26.10–§26.11	bodily pose · §20 INS	BOD BY* TDM · pi'o
§26.12	§0–§2 Ca configuration	DCF MCF SEP DPR PSS
§26.13	§12–§19 · §20 DEP	VAL PHS IVL SNC NEG TPF DPC VWP
§26.14	sensation · channel	VIS AUR OLF GST TCT
§26.15	mekso · science units	BAO MTR LDA CNW · GPA–GPH
§26.16	connective coordination	COO IOR XOR
§26.17	§20 all 68 cases	ACCESSOR:VX · INVERSE · CASE-STACK
§26.18	lexicon taxa (roots ch. 10–12)	TXN GEO AAA–AAW DFB

Implementation note: Bundles are normally Type-1 VxCs on Slot VII (after Ca). Use Type-2 for entity/designation shifts, Type-3 to scope/modify the preceding affix (§26.0). For full mechanics see §1 Slot V/VII and §25 adjuncts. Ca-only categories (Configuration, Affiliation, Extension, Perspective, Essence) encode in Slot VI Ca unless duplicated via NCD/NCE.